Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in the Middle East: A report on the perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care centre in Lebanon

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of patients undergoing RARP (N = 250)

Variable	Value
Age, years, median (IQR)	64 (58–69)
BMI ≥30 kg/m^2, n (%)	84 (33.6)
Anaesthesia time, min, median (IQR)	330 (285–371)
Estimated blood loss, mL,, median (IQR)	200 (200–300)
Preoperative PSA level, ng/mL, median (IQR)	7.2 (5–10)
Lymphadenectomy, n (%)	182 (72.8)
Neoadjuvant treatment, n (%)	8 (3.2)
Grade on TRUS, n (%)
≤2	142 (57.0)
≥3	107 (43.0)
Clinical Stage on DRE, n (%)
T1c	87 (34.8)
T2a	72 (28.8)
T2b	32 (12.8)
T2c	21 (8.4)
T3a	22 (8.8)
T3b	6 (2.4)

Figure 1. The trend of the load of RARP cases and the length of hospital stay (days) from 2013 to 2018

Table 2. Oncological and pathological variables of patients undergoing RARP (N = 250)

Variable	Value
Pathological Grade, n (%)
≤2	112 (45.3)
≥3	135 (54.7)
Upgrading rate^a, n (%)	99 (40.2)
Downgrading rate^b, n (%)	41 (16.7)
Prostate weight on pathology, g, median (IQR)	50 (40–65)
Extraprostatic extension, n (%)	64 (25.6)
Seminal vesicle involvement, n (%)	30 (12.0)
Perineural invasion, n (%)	178 (71.2)
Lymphovascular involvement, n (%)	18 (7.2)
Surgical margin involvement, n (%)	54 (21.6)
Lymph node involvement, n (%)	26 (14.3)
AJCC Stage, n (%)
1	27 (10.8)
2	134 (53.6)
3	60 (24.0)
4	24 (10.4)

Table 3. The 30-day medically stratified by Clavien–Dindo Grade and oncological outcomes following RARP

Surgical outcomes
Variable	N (%)	Management
Clavien–Dindo Grade I
Scrotal haematoma	2 (0.8)	Scrotal elevation
Allergic exanthema	1 (0.4)	Antihistamine
Transient anastomosis leak	2 (0.8)	Extended urethral catheterisation
Transient elevation of creatinine	1 (0.4)	Hydration
Clavien–Dindo Grade II
Ileus	1 (0.4)	Conservative
UTI	7 (2.8)	Antibiotics
Hospital-acquired pneumonia	1 (0.4)	Antibiotics
Clostridium Difficile	1 (0.4)	Antibiotics
Surgical-site Infection	2 (0.8)	Antibiotics
Blood transfusion	3 (1.2)	Blood products
Lymphoedema	2 (0.8)	Limb elevation
Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIa
Intra-abdominal abscess	1 (0.4)	Percutaneous drainage
Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIb
Nil	–	–
Clavien–Dindo Grade IVa
Sepsis	3 (1.2)	Transfer to surgical intensive care unit and antibiotics administration
Pulmonary embolus	1 (0.4)	Anticoagulation
Clavien–Dindo Grade IVb
Nil	–	–
Clavien–Dindo Grade V
Nil	–	–
Oncological Outcomes
Adjuvant ADT + EBRT	18 (7.2)
Salvage ADT + EBRT	16 (6.4)
Metastasis	15 (6.0)
Chemotherapy	4 (1.6)
Mortality	1 (0.4)