Impact of systemic inflammatory markers on the response to Hyperthermic IntraVEsical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette–Guérin failure

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients who underwent HIVEC treatment

Categorical variables	n/N (%)
Sex
Male	47/72 (65.3)
Female	25/72 (34.7)
Smoking status
No	30/72 (41.7)
Yes	27/72 (37.5)
Ex-smoker	15/72 (20.8)
Diabetes	13/72 (18.1)
Number of tumours
Single	21/72 (29.2)
Multiple	51/72 (70.8)
Tumour size, cm
<3	47/72 (65.3)
≥3	25/72 (34.7)
Recurrence rate
≤1 year	57/72 (79.2)
>1 year	15/72 (20.8)
Pathological stage
TaG3	14/72 (19.4)
T1G3	58/72 (80.6)
Concomitant CIS	11/72 (15.3)
Tumour on second TURB	17/72 (23.6)
Prior history of upper tract urothelial carcinoma	7/72 (9.7)
Previously treated with MMC	16/72 (22.2)
BCG failure
BCG intolerance	13/72 (18.1)
BCG refractory	39/72 (54.2)
BCG relapse	20/72 (2.8)
Continuous variables	Mean (SD)
Age, years	67.54 (7.96)
Body mass index, kg/m^2	27.35 (4.53)
Pre-HIVEC CRP, mg/L	4.75 (2.58)
Pre-HIVEC ESR, mm/h	7.68 (4.40)
Pre-HIVEC albumin, g/dL	3.77 (0.50)
Pre-HIVEC NLR	1.62 (0.45)
Pre-HIVEC PLR	147.63 (43.60)
Post-HIVEC CRP, mg/L	5.34 (3.93)
Post-HIVEC ESR, mm/h	11.38 (6.71)
Post-HIVEC albumin, g/dL	3.82 (0.53)
Post-HIVEC NLR	1.39 (0.35)
Post-HIVEC PLR	120.30 (27.24)

Table 2. Comparison of categorical and continuous variables between Group A (HIVEC responder) and Group B (HIVEC non-responder)

Categorical Variables, n/N (%)	Group A (n = 51)	Group B (n = 21)		P
Sex
Male	34/51 (66.67)	13/21 (61.90)		0.910
Female	17/51 (33.33)	8/21 (38.10)		0.910
Smoking status
No	21/51 (41.18)	9/21 (42.86)		0.895
Yes	19/51 (37.25)	8/21 (38.10)		0.841
Ex-smoker	11/51 (21.57)	4/21 (19.05)		0.936
Diabetes	9/51 (17.65)	4/21 (19.05)		0.844
Number of tumours
Single	19/51 (37.25)	2/21 (9.52)		0.039
Multiple	32/51 (62.75)	19/21 (90.48)		0.039
Tumour size, cm
<3	37/51 (72.55)	10/21 (47.62)		0.081
≥3	14/51 (27.45)	11/21 (52.38)		0.081
Recurrence rate
≤1 year	44/51 (86.27)	13/21 (61.90)		0.046
>1 year	7/51 (13.73)	8/21 (38.10)		0.046
Pathological stage
TaG3	10/51 (19.61)	4/21 (19.05)		0.785
T1G3	41/51 (80.39)	17/21 (80.95)		0.785
Concomitant CIS	7/51 (17.65)	4/21 (9.52)		0.610
Tumour on second TURB	13/51 (13.73)	4/21 (19.05)		0.834
Prior history of upper tract urothelial carcinoma	5/51 (9.80)	2/21 (9.52)		0.688
Previously treated with MMC	14/51 (31.48)	2/21 (9.52)		0.095
BCG failure
BCG intolerance	11/51 (21.57)	2/21 (9.52)		0.384
BCG refractory	25/51 (49.02)	14/21 (66.67)		0.269
BCG relapse	15/51 (29.41)	5/21 (23.81)		0.847
Continuous variables	Group (n)	Mean rank	Z	P
Age, years	A (51) B (21)	38.57 31.48	–1.309	0.190
Body mass index, kg/m^2	A (51) B (21)	34.99 40.17	–0.955	0.339
Pre-HIVEC CRP, mg/L	A (51) B (21)	34.87 40.45	–1.034	0.301
Pre-HIVEC ESR, mm/h	A (51) B (21)	35.30 39.40	–0.766	0.444
Pre-HIVEC albumin, g/dL	A (51) B (21)	35.20 39.67	–0.826	0.414
Pre-HIVEC NLR	A (51) B (21)	32.61 45.95	–2.460	0.014
Pre-HIVEC PLR	A (51) B (21)	34.48 41.40	–1.276	0.202
Post-HIVEC CRP, mg/L	A (51) B (21)	32.87 45.31	–2.300	0.021
Post-HIVEC ESR, mm/h	A (51) B (21)	33.01 44.98	–2.209	0.027
Post-HIVEC albumin, g/dL	A (51) B (21)	35.82 38.14	–0.429	0.673
Post-HIVEC NLR	A (51) B (21)	31.90 47.67	–2.906	0.004
Post-HIVEC PLR	A (51) B (21)	34.62 41.07	–1.189	0.234

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis for assessing the response to the HIVEC regimen

Variables	OR [Exp(B)]	95% CI	P
Number of tumours
Single (reference)	–	–	–
Multiple	1.925	0.382–9.700	0.427
Recurrence rate
≤1/year (reference)	–	–	–
>1/year	8.002	1.770–36.171	0.007
Pre-HIVEC NLR	4.556	1.236–16.791	0.023
Post-HIVEC CRP	1.127	0.952–1.335	0.163
Post-HIVEC ESR	1.094	0.992–1.206	0.073
Post-HIVEC NLR	3.401	1.024–11.297	0.046