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Articles

Moderating effect of personality traits on relationships between retail therapy, compulsive buying, and hoarding for fashion products

性格特征对购物疗法,强迫性购物和囤积时尚产品的调节作用

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Pages 180-192 | Received 31 Aug 2016, Accepted 27 Mar 2017, Published online: 12 Jun 2017
 

Abstract

The goal of this research was to examine the relationships between retail therapy, compulsive buying and hoarding, and subsequently to investigate the moderating effect of consumers’ personality traits on the relationships between retail therapy and compulsive buying and between retail therapy and compulsive hoarding. A sample of 354 undergraduate and graduate students was used to examine the relationships. Participants who purchased fashion products to alleviate negative feelings (retail therapy) scored high on being compulsive buyers, and consumers who were involved in compulsive buying were inclined to hoard fashion products. Participants indicating a narcissistic authority-leadership personality were not engaged in compulsive buying even though they indicated they participated in retail therapy. Participants with a positive disposition, negative disposition, and a narcissistic high self-esteem personality were engaged in compulsive buying. Findings confirmed the connection between retail therapy and compulsive buying and hoarding. Fashion educators might want to discuss these connections with their fashion students as this group may be susceptible to these types of consumer problems

购物疗法指消费者为了感觉更好而购买产品的行为,已被美国零售公司作为一个重要的概念。研究员从定性和定量的角度对购物疗法进行了分析,例如,研究人员表示购物疗法与包括强迫性购物在内的购物行为有关。诚然,奥吉恩和菲伯尔(1989)首次提出,强迫性购物是由一种缓解消极情绪或负面事件的欲望驱动的行为。实际上,多数强迫性购买者购物是为了克服焦虑和沮丧等消极情绪。因其强迫性本质,与之相关的消费行为叫强迫性囤积。弗罗斯特 (1998)发现强迫性囤积患者有强迫性购物的倾向。弗罗斯特、克劳斯和斯特科蒂(1996)在一份实证研究的报告中指出,强制性购买是强迫性囤积的核心因素。

在该研究中,我们研究了购物疗法、强迫性购物和强迫性囤积之间的关系,接着调查研究了顾客的性格特征对三者关系所起的调节作用。研究目标旨在解决:(1)购物疗法对强迫性购物和强迫性囤积是否有积极影响?(2)性格特征能否调节购物疗法和强迫性购物或强迫性囤积之间的关系?(3)哪些性格特征能对以上关系起到调节作用?根据提议,我们提出了五种假设。

在线调查对象是中西部大学的学生。调查以354名在校生和毕业生为样本对三种关系进行研究。受访者的年龄从18岁到30岁不等,(平均年龄 = 21)。受访者是女性(80%)和单身(91%)。受访者所在专业包括时尚营销(45%)和工商管理(16%)。代表的种族包括高加索人(72.9%),亚洲人(18.1%)和非洲裔美国人(5.9%)。128名受访者表示他们每月购物一次。一百四十个受访者表示他们的购物时长为两个小时。受访者(44.6%)在购物时每月花费低于100美元。38.4%的受访者仅在传统商店购物,24.3%仅在网上商店购物,37.3%在传统商店和网上商店购物。大多数受访者(65.3%)回答说,他们通常在购物时购买服装”上衣”。

使用主成分因子分析和方差最大旋转法评估每个构建体的量度。具体来说,从15项中抽取出四个要素来评估性格特征,我们称之为”权威领导自恋”,”自尊自恋”,”积极气质”和”消极气质”。接着,根据这四个要素,我们把参与者分配到四个性格特征小组。使用单组结构方程模式(SEM) 和最大似然估计检验假设。我们评估了结构模型的路径系数来测试假设(H1到H3)。从购物疗法到强迫性囤积的路径系数无统计学意义。因此,H1不成立。从购物疗法到强迫性购物的路径系数有统计学意义,表明购物疗法对强迫性购物有正向影响。因此,H2成立。强迫性购物到强迫性囤积的回归系数有统计学意义。因此,H3成立。强迫性购物对强迫性囤积有正向影响。小组依据四个性格特征划分,对其组员反应进行简单回归分析,以测试H4。但是我们决定不去测试H5,因为该做法在研究性格特征对被否定的H1假设的调节作用这个问题上没有意义。权威领导自恋组的回归系数不具有统计学意义。但是,自尊自恋组,积极气质组和消极气质组的回归系数具有统计学意义,因为使用购物疗法的自尊自恋组,积极气质组和消极气质组对强迫性购物有正向影响。换言之,在这三个组中,参与购物疗法购物的大学生越多,强迫性购买行为就越多。通过研究结果,我们可以推断:这个由自尊自恋性格特征的大学生组成的特定群体实际上拥有低尊严,而他们倾向于借助强迫性购买行为缓解因低尊严引发的负面情绪。因此,H4部分成立。调查结果证实了购物疗法与强制性购物和囤积之间的联系。

时尚教育者可以通过讨论低尊严在强迫性购买者中的普遍性的方法来降低学生从购物疗法人群走向强迫性购买者的风险。学生可以反思他们进行购物疗法的动机以及低自尊这个因素在进行购物疗法中所占的比重。研究人员证明,提高强迫性购买者的自尊会减少他们的强迫性购买行为。因此,让学生认识到他们的购买行为和自尊之间的联系可以帮助他们寻求方法,在购物疗法发展成为问题行为之前,避免过度的购物疗法。

由于该研究采用的是非概率样本,所以我们无法得出结论。因此,使用类似问卷和绘制代表居住在美国和美国以外的年轻消费者的概率样本进行进一步研究,可以得到更清晰的结论。我们可以调查其他调节变量如年龄,教育水平和文化背景,以确定其他个人变量是否增加了调查对象发展成为问题消费者行为的可能性。

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