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Critical Review

A review on perfluoroalkyl acids studies: Environmental behaviors, toxic effects, and ecological and health risks

, , &
Pages 1-19 | Received 17 Aug 2018, Accepted 04 Dec 2018, Published online: 24 Jan 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1. The structures of PFSAs and PFCAs

Figure 1. The structures of PFSAs and PFCAs

Figure 2. The occurrence of PFAAs in the global environmental media (including air, water, sediment, and fish)

Figure 2. The occurrence of PFAAs in the global environmental media (including air, water, sediment, and fish)

Figure 3. The environmental behavior of PFAAs in aquatic ecosystem

Figure 3. The environmental behavior of PFAAs in aquatic ecosystem

Table 1. The toxicity of PFAAs toward different species

Figure 4. The comparison of SSD curves between PFOA and PFOS

Figure 4. The comparison of SSD curves between PFOA and PFOS

Figure 5. The framework of QWASI model

(note: Dijk are transfer rate coefficients for major transfer processes, from i bulk phase to j bulk phase, where 1 is for air, 2 for water, and 4 for sediment. For the subscript k describe the process: d: diffusion; w: wet precipitation; p: dry deposition; r: rain scavenging; s: sedimentation; m: degradation. T01 is for air advection flow into the lake. Q02t is for water advection flow into the lake;Q20t and Q23h are for water advection flow out of the lake and discharge out of lake along river.)
Figure 5. The framework of QWASI model
Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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