Toward development of ecosystem asset accounts at the national level

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic depiction of the structure of ecosystem asset accounts

Table 1. Classification of LCFs. EEA 2006

Code	Land cover flow
LCF1	Urban land management
LCF2	Urban residential sprawl
LCF3	Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures
LCF4	Agriculture internal conversions
LCF5	Conversion from forested & natural land to agriculture
LCF6	Withdrawal of farming
LCF7	Forests creation and management
LCF8	Water bodies creation and management
LCF9	Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes

Table 2. Identification of ecosystem services for estimation of monetary asset values

Land cover category	No. of ecosystem services valued	Ecosystem services
Artificial surfaces (urban green)	3	Climate regulation Water cycle regulation Recreation
Arable land	7	Crop provision Climate regulation Water cycle regulation Erosion regulation Nutrient regulation Recreation Aesthetic value
Permanent crops	2	Pollination Recreation
Pastures	8	Livestock provision Climate regulation Water cycle regulation Pest control Nutrient regulation Erosion regulation Recreation Aesthetic value
Mosaic farmland	14	Average of arable land, permanent crops, pastures, and woodland
Forest and transitional woodland shrub	10	Timber provision Non-timber forest products Game provision Climate regulation Water cycle regulation Water quality regulation Erosion regulation Air quality regulation Recreation Aesthetic value
Natural grassland and heathland	8	Livestock provision Climate regulation Water cycle regulation Pest control Nutrient regulation Erosion regulation Recreation Aesthetic value
Open space with little or no vegetation	0
Wetlands	7	Fish provision Climate regulation Disturbance regulation Nutrient regulation Water cycle regulation Recreation Aesthetic value
Water bodies	5	Water provision Fish provision Biomass provision Recreation Aesthetic value

Table 3. Land and ecosystem account for the Czech Republic, 2006–2012. Consumption of land cover presents the loss of area of original land cover, while formation of land cover presents new land cover created by human activity or natural processes classified in LCFs types. Consumption and formation of land cover is balanced

	Artificial surfaces	Arable land	Permanent crops	Pastures	Mosaic farmland	Forest and transitional woodland shrub	Natural grassland and heathland	Open space with little or no vegetation	Wetlands	Water bodies	Total (ha)
Consumption of land cover
LCF1 Urban land management	2021										2021
LCF2 Urban residential sprawl		2785	41	339	376	20					3561
LCF3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructure	380	6 482	76	1080	678	1200	137			2	10,035
LCF4 Agricultural internal conversions		95,639	3685	7595	428						107,347
LCF5 Conversion from forested and natural land to agriculture	2528				354	445	115			12	3454
LCF6 Withdrawal of farming		2569	621	2048	604						5842
LCF7 Forests creation and management	485					56,080	462		120		57,147
LCF8 Water bodies creation and management	737	200		174	28	6					1145
LCF9 Changes of Land Cover due to natural and multiple causes						87				11	98
Total consumption of land cover	6151	107,675	4423	11,236	2468	57,838	714		120	25	190,650
Total area 2006	500,540	3,010,914	46,411	700,797	754,140	2,777,748	28,874	265	10,368	56,686	7,886,742
Formation of land cover
LCF1 Urban land management	2021										2 021
LCF2 Urban residential sprawl	3561										3 561
LCF3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructure	10,035										10 035
LCF4 Agricultural internal conversions		10,697	4501	92,070	79						107,347
LCF5 Conversion from forested and natural land to agriculture		950	154	2241	109						3454
LCF6 Withdrawal of farming					2482	3337	23				5842
LCF7 Forests creation and management						57,126	21				57,147
LCF8 Water bodies creation and management										1145	1145
LCF9 Changes of Land Cover due to natural and multiple causes								87	11		98
Total formation of land cover	15,617	11,647	4655	94,311	2670	60,463	44	87	11	1145	190,650
Total area 2012	509,739	2,899,131	45,873	794,393	758,698	2,782,861	27,478	294	10,636	57,561	7,886,663

Table 4. MSA changes as indication of ecosystem condition. Table presents balance of changes in MSA induced by LCC

	Artificial surfaces	Arable land	Permanent crops	Pastures	Mosaic farmland	Forest and transitional woodland shrub	Natural grassland and heathland	Open space with little or no vegetation	Wetlands
Artificial surfaces	0	25.28	3.2	325.08	8.82	329.8	0	0	0
Arable land	−370.64	0	167.84	12,790.82	160.3	956.8	0	0	0
Permanent crops	−9.36	−134.56	0	32.1	21.1	246	0	0	0
Pastures	−255.42	−1025.36	−26.2	0	0	413.5	16.1	0	0
Mosaic farmland	−189.72	−33.6	−15.7	0	0	302	0	0	0
Forest and transitional woodland shrub	−829.6	−49.92	0	−158	−25	0	15.8	−24	0
Natural grassland and heathland	−120.56	0	0	−80.5	0	−92.4	0	0	0
Open space with little or no vegetation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	−1775	−1218	129	12,910	165	2156	32	−24	0

Table 5. Monetary value of change in future flows of ecosystem services based on LCCs (thousand EUR)

	Artificial surfaces	Arable land	Permanent crops	Pastures	Mosaic farmland	Forest and transitional woodland shrub	Natural grassland and heathland	Open space with little or no vegetation	Wetlands	Water bodies
Artificial surfaces	0	11,823	3555	73,230	2435	478,353	0	0	0	12,472
Arable land	−172,650	0	294,375	1,995,383	35,473	1,446,543	0	0	0	−357
Permanent crops	−10,397	−236,005	0	−15,509	−8266	367,947	0	0	0	0
Pastures	−57,538	−159,957	12,659	0	10,951	782,133	89	0	0	−4111
Mosaic farmland	−52,372	−7435	6150	−3519	0	565,710	0	0	0	−917
Forest and transitional woodland shrub	−1,203,280	−75,472	0	−298,856	−46,830	0	−74,410	−29,589	0	−5816
Natural grassland and heathland	−6083	0	0	−443	0	435,156	0	0	0	0
Open space with little or no vegetation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Water bodies	−34	0	0	71	0	0	0	0	1867	0
Total	−1,502,354	−467,046	316,739	1,750,357	−6238	4,075,843	−74,321	−29,589	1867	1270