Figures & data
Table 1. qPCR primer sequences, target and conditions of reactions
Table 2. The concentration of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, trimethoprim, lincomycin and carbadox in surface water of aquaculture farm
Table 3. The calculated risk quotients (RQs) for the selected antibiotic detected in aquaculture farm
Figure 1. Map of sampling sites. Red label indicates fish farm, blue label indicates prawn/shrimp farm and green label indicates prawn and fish farm
Figure 2. Relative abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes, tet(M), sul1, sul2 and sul3 in seven main aquaculture production states. Vertical axis is copy number with normalized by 16S rRNA gene
Figure 3. Heatmap of 23 detected antibiotics clustered by concentration profiles in 29 aquaculture farms. Each cell represents the detection concentrations of antibiotic in each farm after logarithmic transformation (log ng/L). The dendrogram presented the sample site cluster analysis on the vertical axis and three antibiotic clusters on the horizontal axis (I, II and III)
Figure 4. Comparison of antibiotic concentration (a), abundance of sul genes (b) and tet(M) (c) in aquaculture farm in East and Southeast Asia. Antibiotic concentration: China: .He et al. (Citation2012), Chen et al. (Citation2015), Xiong et al. (Citation2015), Song et al. (Citation2016), Chen et al. (Citation2017), Wang et al. (Citation2018a), Yuan et al. (Citation2019), Han et al. (Citation2020); Vietnam: Le and Munekage (Citation2004); Takasu et al. (Citation2011), Hoa et al. (Citation2011), Shimizu et al. (Citation2013), Andrieu et al. (Citation2015), Giang et al. (Citation2015), Harada (Citation2018), Thai et al. (Citation2018); Thailand: Takasu et al. (Citation2011); Shimizu et al. (Citation2013), Oliveira et al. (Citation2014); Taiwan: Lin, Yu, and Lin (Citation2008); Lai et al. (Citation2018); Philippines: Suzuki et al. (Citation2013); Korea: Kim, Lee, and Oh (Citation2017). Antibiotic resistance genes: China: Gao et al. (Citation2012), Xiong et al. (Citation2015), Gao et al. (Citation2018); Korea: Jang et al. (Citation2018); Japan and Taiwan: Suzuki et al. (Citation2019); Singapore: Ng et al. (Citation2018)
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