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Original Research Article

Living Earth: Implementing national standardised land cover classification systems for Earth Observation in support of sustainable development

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 368-390 | Received 15 Apr 2021, Accepted 17 Jun 2021, Published online: 28 Jul 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1. The Living Earth LCCS-2 implementation. The hierarchy for the dichotomous phase (L1 – L3) visualised vertically and the modular-hierarchical phase (L4) visualised horizontally. Each level 3 broad land cover type has associated level 4 additional descriptors that are also hierarchical (i.e. between 2–5 tiers). T; tier L; level. Asterisk (*) indicates land cover classes not required for subsequent environmental descriptors in the hierarchy

Figure 1. The Living Earth LCCS-2 implementation. The hierarchy for the dichotomous phase (L1 – L3) visualised vertically and the modular-hierarchical phase (L4) visualised horizontally. Each level 3 broad land cover type has associated level 4 additional descriptors that are also hierarchical (i.e. between 2–5 tiers). T; tier L; level. Asterisk (*) indicates land cover classes not required for subsequent environmental descriptors in the hierarchy

Figure 2. Software design schematic showing ingestion of the data and application of rules to produce level 3 and level 4 classification outputs as both data (8-bit/n-band raster) and coloured RGB images for visualisation

Figure 2. Software design schematic showing ingestion of the data and application of rules to produce level 3 and level 4 classification outputs as both data (8-bit/n-band raster) and coloured RGB images for visualisation

Table 1. Living Earth unique landscape descriptor codes and example descriptions for each level 3 landscape type

Figure 3. Variable importance of level 4 environmental descriptors for each level 3 broad landscape type. Variable importance is calculated as the number of times categories from the input class were used divided by the total number of unique outputs. Asterisk (*) indicates land cover classes not required for subsequent environmental descriptors in the hierarchy

Figure 3. Variable importance of level 4 environmental descriptors for each level 3 broad landscape type. Variable importance is calculated as the number of times categories from the input class were used divided by the total number of unique outputs. Asterisk (*) indicates land cover classes not required for subsequent environmental descriptors in the hierarchy
Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

The Living Earth system is under Apache 2.0 license, available on bitbucket (https://bitbucket.org/au-eoed/livingearth_lccs). Extensive documentation, such as detailed descriptions of FAO LCCS-2 class modifications for EO, is available in the repository. All 573,307 unique landscape descriptor codes and descriptions are provided in supplementary material along with variable importance scores for each environmental descriptor. Any further requests should be made to the corresponding author.