Fungi associated with decomposing leaf litter of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

Figures & data

Figure 1. Litter bags on the forest floor.

Figure 2. Leaf litter showing fungal growth.

Table 1. List of fungi recorded and percentage frequency of occurrence in different samplings

Serial #	Species	Percentage frequency of occurrence												Average % frequency
		2002						2003
		J	M	M	J	S	N	J	M	M	J	S	N
	Myxomycota
1	Comatricha laxa	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
	Zygomycota
2	Absidia corymbifera	–	–	–	–	5	15	25	15	–	10	–	–	5.83
3	Choanephora cucurbitarum	–	–	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.25
4	Cunninghamella echinulata	–	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
5	Mucor mucedo	–	–	–	5	–	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	1.25
6	M. racemosus	–	–	5	30	15	–	20	–	–	–	–	–	5.83
7	Rhizopus stolonifer	–	–	–	–	–	15	25	5	–	–	–	–	3.75
8	Syncephalastrum racemosum	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	0.83
	Ascomycota
9	Chaetomium seminudum	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	25	–	–	–	2.08
10	Euantennaria sp.	5	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.25
11	Meliola sp.	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
	Anamorphic fungi
	Hyphomycetes
12	Acremonium strictum	5	–	15	15	25	30	15	10	5	5	–	–	10.42
13	Alternaria alternata	5	–	10	–	15	20	–	15	–	–	–	–	5.42
14	Aspergillus candidus	–	–	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
15	A. flavipes	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
16	A. japonicus	–	5	–	25	5	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	3.33
17	A. niger	–	–	10	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.67
18	A. terreus	–	–		10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
19	Aureobasidium pullulans	–	–	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
20	Beltrania rhombica	20	40	45	75	20	35	40	65	70	85	85	95	56.25
21	Beltraniella portoricensis	40	50	50	–	10	25	40	45	50	65	60	80	42.92
22	Camposporium antennatum	–	15	–	–	–	–	10	25	–	30	–	–	6.67
23	Circinotrichum falcatisporum	5	–	–	–	15	35	45	60	65	40	20	15	25
24	C. maculiforme	15	–	5	35	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	4.58
25	Cladosporium chlorocephalum	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
26	C. cladosporioides	10	–	–	–	20	10	–	20	30	–	–	20	9.17
27	C. inaequiseptatum	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
28	C. oxysporum	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
29	Curvularia lunata	–	–	10	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2.08
30	C. pallescens	–	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.25
31	Dactylaria biseptata	–	–	10	10	–	10	15	–	–	20	–	–	5.42
32	Dicyma vesiculifera	–	–	–	–	–	–	10	5	–	–	–	–	1.25
33	Drechslera australiensis	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
34	D. hawaiiensis	–	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
35	Fusarium dimerum	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	25	–	–	3.33
36	F. lateritium	–	–	–	–	–	5	15	–	–	–	–	–	1.67
37	Gyrothrix circinata	10	15	10	35	40	55	60	80	35	25	15	15	32.92
38	G. podosperma	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15	–	–	1.25
39	Hansfordia pulvinata	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15	20	–	–	–	2.92
40	Helicoma muelleri	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.25
41	Helicosporium serpentinum	–	–	–	45	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	3.75
42	Helicoubisia coronata	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
43	Memnoniella echinata	–	15	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	2.08
44	Monodictys putredinis	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
45	Myrothecium roridum	–	–	–	5	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.67
46	Nigrospora sphaerica	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
47	Parasympodiella laxa	10	–	–	–	5	10	15	35	30	40	15	5	13.75
48	Penicillium citrinum	–	10	–	15	10	–	–	–	–	15	–	–	4.17
49	P. funiculosum	–	5	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
50	Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae	–	10	5	–	–	20	35	25	20	–	10	–	10.42
51	Pithomyces cupaniae	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
52	P. maydicus	20	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.67
53	P. sacchari	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
54	Polyscytalum fecundissimum	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.25
55	Pseudobeltrania penzigii	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
56	Scolecobasidium variabile	–	–	5	–	–	–	–	–	25	25	–	–	4.58
57	Selenosporella curvispora	–	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	30	–	–	–	2.92
58	Spegazzinia tessarthra	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
59	Sporidesmium brachypus	–	5		–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
60	Stachybotrys parvispora	–		20	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.67
61	Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus	65	80	75	60	45	30	15	30	50	60	75	80	55.42
62	Tetraploa aristata	5	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
63	Thozetella tocklaiensis	–	–	–	–	–	20	30	45	55	60	80	70	30
64	Thozetella sp.	–	30	35	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	5.42
65	Torula herbarum	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	0.83
66	Trichoderma harzianum	–	–	–	25	15	25	10	15	–	15	10	–	9.58
67	Volutella ciliata	–	–	–	–	–	10	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.83
68	Wiesneriomyces javanicus	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
69	Zygosporium echinosporum	–	25	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2.08
70	Z. gibbum	–	–	–	–	–	10	5	–	15	–	–	–	2.5
71	Z. oscheoides	–	–	–	25	30	35	10	5	–	–	–	–	8.75
	Coelomycetes
72	Bartalinia robillardoides	–	–	–	–	–	–	20	25	–	–	–	–	7.5
73	Ciliochorella mangiferae	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.42
74	Colletotrichum falcatum	–	–	–	–	20	15	30	25	20	–	–	–	9.17
75	Gloeosporium musarum	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	15	–	–	–	1.25
76	Lasiodiplodia theobromae	–	–	–	–	15	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.25
77	Pestalotiopsis theae	–	20	20	–	–	–	15	10	25	–	–	–	7.5

Figure 4. Number of species recorded in different samplings.

Figure 5. Leaf litter dry weight (g).

Figure 3. A closer view of a portion of leaf litter with prominent fungal growth.

Figure 6. Frequency of occurrence of some selected fungal taxa.

Figure 7. Comparison of average percentage occurrence for selected species.