Records and new species of Pluteus from Brazil based on morphological and molecular data

Figures & data

Table 1. Collection data and GenBank accession number of the Pluteus and outgroups taxa analysed

Species	ITS + 5.8S	LSU	Voucher/ Strain	Country	Reference
Auricularia polytricha	–	AF261554	HN4076	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
Limacella illinita	–	AF261439	VT8.9.96	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
Pluteus admirabilis	–	AF261577	DAOM193532	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	–	AF261578	DAOM197226	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. albostipitatus	FJ816656	–	NMJ128	Brazil	This paper
	FJ816661	FJ816647	FK782	Brazil	This paper
P. albostipitatus var. poliobasis	FJ375244		Isolate 113	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. atromarginatus	DQ494687	–	HKAS 31573	China	Matheny et al. 2006
	EF530926	–	UBC F16254	Canada	Denis et al. Not published
	FJ774075		LE246081	–	Malysheva et al. 2009
	–	AF261572	JB97/14	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. aurantiorugosus	–	AF261579	DAOM197369	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	FJ774077	–	LE216873	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
	FJ375248	–	Isolate 160	Spain	Rodríguez et al. 2009
	FJ375249	–	Isolate 216	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. aureovenatus	FJ816663	FJ816649	FK1045	Brazil	This paper
P. brunneoradiatus	–	AF261567	JB97/3	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. cervinus	–	AF261570	JB97/19	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	FJ774088	–	LE217575	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
	FJ375241	–	Isolate 6	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. cervinus var. cervinus	EU486448	–	UBC F16293	Canada	Denis and Berbee. Not published
P. chrysophlebius	–	AF261581	DAOM190194	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. diverticulatus	FJ375247	–	Isolate 242	France	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. dominicanus var. hyalinus	FJ816665	FJ816651	FK1058	Brazil	This paper
P. ephebeus	–	AF261574	JB97/23	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	FJ774074	–	LE227554	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. exiguus	FJ774083	–	LE226543	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. fenzlii	FJ774082	–	LE246083	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. fluminensis	FJ816655	–	NMJ127	Brazil	This paper
	FJ816664	FJ816650	FK1046	Brazil	This paper
P. fuligineovenosus	FJ816662	–	FK826	Brazil	This paper
P. granulatus	FJ774086	–	LE212990	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. harrisii	FJ816654	FJ816644	NMJ122	Brazil	This paper
	FJ816666	FJ816652	FK1066	Brazil	This paper
P. horakianus	FJ375250	–	Isolate 58	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
	FJ375251	–	Isolate 60	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. jamaicensis	FJ816657	–	NMJ130	Brazil	This paper
P. leoninus	FJ774079	–	LE212090	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. mammillatus	–	DQ451549	ASM 7916	–	Minnis et al. 2006
P. nanus	FJ774081	–	LE213093	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. nigrolineatus	FJ375245	–	Isolate 114	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. pallidus*	–	AF261569	JB90/27	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. pellitus	–	AF261571	JB93/3	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	FJ774078	–	LE217548	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
	FJ375243	–	Isolate 222	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. petasatus	–	AF042611	JB91/21	–	Moncalvo et al. 2000
	AF085495	–	CBS441.85	Czech Republic	Lim and Jung 1998
	FJ375242	–	Isolate 100	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. plautus	FJ774076	–	LE213024	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. podospileus	FJ774085	–	LE213015	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. pouzarianus	–	AF261568	JB94/26	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. primus	–	AF042610	JB94/24	–	Moncalvo et al. 2000
P. riberaltensis var. conquistensis	–	FJ816648	FK1043	Brazil	This paper
P. romellii	–	AF261575	JB97/26	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	AY854065	–	ECV 3201	USA	Matheny et al. 2006
	FJ774073	–	LE217944	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
	FJ375246	–	Isolate 119	Mexico	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. salicinus	–	AF261573	JB97/6	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	FJ774087	–	LE215427	–	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. semibulbosus	FJ774080	–	LE227534	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
P. sublaevigatus	FJ816667	FJ816653	FK1085	Brazil	This paper
P. thomsonii	FJ774084	–	LE234787	Russia	Malysheva et al. 2009
	FJ375252	–	Isolate 85	France	Rodríguez et al. 2009
	FJ375253	–	Isolate 155	Spain	Rodríguez et al. 2009
P. umbrosus	–	AF261580	DAOM197235	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
P. xylophilus	FJ816659	FJ816645	NMJ143	Brazil	This paper
	FJ816660	FJ816646	NMJ147	Brazil	This paper
Pluteus sp.	–	AF261576	JMCR.124	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	–	AF042612	JM96/28	–	Moncalvo et al. 2000
	FJ816658	–	NMJ132	Brazil	This paper
Volvariella gloiocephala	FJ375254	–		–	Rodríguez et al. 2009
	DQ494701	–	PMB2272	USA	Matheny et al. 2006
Volvariella volvacea	–	AF261531	Jmleg.SRL	–	Moncalvo et al. 2002
	AY636050	–	OE-140	–	Singh et al. 2003
*Voucher material misidentified as P. pallidus (LAU!), see discussion in the text.

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree generated by MP analysis of partial LSU sequences. The tree is rooted using Auricularia polytricha, Limacella illinita and Volvariella volvacea. The BS numbers are shown before the nodels. *Voucher material misidentified as P. pallidus, see discussion in the text.

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree generated by MP analysis of ITS + 5.8S region. The tree is rooted using Volvariella gloiocephala and V. volvacea. The BS numbers are shown before the nodels. *Voucher materials that need revision to confirm the identification, see discussion in the text.

Figure 3. Pluteus albostipitatus. A. Basidioma (Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ128). B. Basidiospores; B₁. F. Karstedt & M. Capelari FK782; B₂. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ128. C. Basidia (Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ128). D. Pleurocystidia; D₁. F. Karstedt & M. Capelari FK782; D₂. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ128. E. Cheilocystidia; E₁. F. Karstedt & M. Capelari FK782; E₂. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ128. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–E) = 10 μm.

Figure 4. Pluteus aureovenatus (holotype). A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. F. Pileipellis cells. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–F) = 10 μm.

Figure 5. Pluteus dominicanus var. hyalinus (holotype). A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. F. Pileipellis cells. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–F) = 10 μm.

Figure 6. Pluteus dominicanus (holotype). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia. C. Pleurocystidia. D. Cheilocystidia. E. Pileipellis cells. Bars = 10 μm.

Figure 7. Pluteus fluminensis. A. Basidioma; A₁. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ127; A₂. F. Karstedt & L.A.S. Ramos FK1046. B–F. F. Karstedt & L.A.S. Ramos FK1046. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. F. Pileipellis cells. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–F) = 10 μm.

Figure 8. Pluteus fuligineovenosus (F. Karstedt & M. Capelari FK826). A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. F. Pileipellis cells. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–F) = 10 μm.

Figure 9. Pluteus harrisii. A–C. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ122. A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia; D₁. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ122; D₂. F. Karstedt et al. FK1066. E. Cheilocystidia; E₁. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ122; E₂. F. Karstedt et al. FK1066. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–E) = 10 μm.

Figure 10. Pluteus jamaicensis (Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ130). A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. F. Pileipellis cells. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–F) = 10 μm.

Figure 11. Pluteus riberaltensis var. conquistensis (F. Karstedt & L.A.S. Ramos FK1043). A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–E) = 10 μm.

Figure 12. Pluteus sublaevigatus (F. Karstedt et al. FK1085). A. Basidioma. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia. E. Cheilocystidia. F. Pileipellis cells. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–F) = 10 μm.

Table 2. Micromorphological comparison between collections of Pluteus admirabillis, P. chrysophlebius and P. sublaevigatus

Characters	Species/Collection
	P. admirabillis DAOM193532	P. admirabillis DAOM197226	P. chrysophlebius DAOM190194	P. sublaevigatus F. Karstedt et al. 1085
Basidiospores	7.5 × 6.2 μm	7.5 × 6.2 μm	7.5 × 6.2 μm	6.2–7.5 × 5.0–6.2 μm
	broadly ellipsoid	broadly ellipsoid	broadly ellipsoid	preponderantly globose
Pleurocystidia	47–71 × 16.2–21 μm	50–81 × 17.5–25 μm	41–52 × 10.0–18.7 μm	36–50 × 12.5–17.5 μm
	slightly ventricose, with apical mucilage	slightly ventricose	slightly ventricose	clavate to vesiculose
Cheilocystidia	21–38 × 7.5–12.5 μm	26.2–50 × 10.0–18.7 μm	30–40 × 10.0–11.2 μm	31–49 × 10.0–21 μm
	clavate-vesiculose to slightly ventricose	clavate-vesiculose to slightly ventricose	clavate-vesiculose to slightly ventricose	clavate to vesiculose
Pileipellis cells	16.2–51 × 12.5–25 μm	35–49 × 13.7–25 μm	26–37.5 × 12.5–17.5 μm	44–51 × 29–34 μm
	with or without a medium pedicel up to 12.5 μm long, frequently with a short to long apical projection approximately 5.0–25 μm long	with a short to medium pedicel up to 13.7 μm long, without apical projections, and sometimes with a broadly obtuse apex	with a short to medium pedicel approximately 2.5–15.0 μm long, and rarely subventricose with a broadly obtuse apex up to 5.0 μm long	with a short pedicel approximately 2.5–7.5 μm long

Figures 13–15. 13. Pluteus admirabilis (DAOM193532). 14. P. admirabilis (DAOM197226). 15. P. chrysophlebius (DAOM190194). A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia. C. Pleurocystidia. D. Cheilocystidia. E. Pileipellis cells. Bars = 10 μm.

Figure 16. Pluteus xylophilus. A. Basidioma; A₁. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ138 ; A₂. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ143. B, C, D. Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ143. B. Basidiospores. C. Basidia. D. Pleurocystidia; D₁. Normal Cervinus-type; D₂. Modified Cervinus-type; D₃. Magnus-type. E. Cheilocystidia (Menolli Jr. et al. NMJ138); E₁. Short vesiculose; E₂. Long-cylindrical-clavate. Bars (A) = 1 cm; (B–E) = 10 μm.

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