Fueling the future with fungal genomics

Figures & data

Figure 1. Phylogenetic distribution of genome targets in Agaricomycotina. Black font indicates saprotrophs. Gray font indicates ectomycorrhiza formers. The “JGI FGP” box contains the taxa being targeted by the JGI Fungal Genomics Program. Saprotrophic taxa proposed here are left of the dashed line; ectomycorrhizal taxa are right of the dashed line. Decayers in the JGI FGP box in bold font are currently in production; those in plain font are targeted for sequencing.

Table 1. Genomes of fungal pathogens of bioenergy crops with sequenced host genomes and other primarily Dothideomycetes pathogens

Species	Order	Host	Disease	Genome size	# Genes	Source
Alternaria brassicicola	Pleosporales	Canola	Black spot	30.3	10,688	Washington University
Botryosphaeria dothidea	Dothideomycetes incertae sedis	Many	Many	–^a	–^a	JGI
Cercospora zeae-maydis	Capnodiales	Maize	Gray leaf spot	–^a	–^a	JGI
Cochliobolus heterostrophus	Pleosporales	Maize	Southern corn leaf blight	34.9	9633	JGI
Cochliobolus sativus	Pleosporales	Wheat, barley	Root rot, spot blotch	34.6	–^a	JGI
Dothistroma septosporum	Capnodiales	Pine	Dothistroma needle blight	30.2	12,580	JGI
Fusarium graminearum	Hypocreales	Maize^b	Ear rot	36.5	13,332	Broad Institute
Fusarium verticillioides	Hypocreales	Maize^b	Kernel and ear rot	41.8	14,179	Broad Institute
Leptosphaeria biglobosa	Pleosporales	Canola	Blackleg	–^a	–^a	JGI
Leptosphaeria maculans	Pleosporales	Canola	Blackleg and stem canker	45.1	12,469	GenoScope
Melampsora larici-populina	Pucciniales	Poplar	Poplar leaf rust	101	16,694	JGI
Mycosphaerella fijiensis	Capnodiales	Banana	Black leaf streak or Sigatoka	73.4	10,952	JGI
Mycosphaerella graminicola	Capnodiales	Wheat	Septoria tritici blotch	39.7	10,952	JGI
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis	Pleosporales	Wheat	Tan spot	37.8	12,141	Broad Institute, JGI
Rhynchosporium secalis	Helotiales	Barley	Barley scald	54	∼13,000	Wolfgang Knogge
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	Helotiales	Canola^b	Sclerotinia stem rot	38.3	14,522	Broad Institute
Septoria musiva (Mycosphaerella populorum)	Capnodiales	Poplar	Septoria leaf spot and canker	29.5	–^a	JGI
Setosphaeria turcica	Pleosporales	Maize	Northern leaf blight	–^a	–^a	JGI
Stagonospora nodorum	Pleosporales	Wheat	Leaf and glume blotch	37.1	12,380	Broad Institute
Teratosphaeria (Mycosphaerella) nubilosa	Capnodiales	Eucalyptus	Mycosphaerella leaf disease	–^a	–^a	JGI
Ustilago maydis	Ustilaginales	Maize	Corn smut	19.7	6522	Broad Institute
Venturia inaequalis	Dothideomycetes incertae sedis	Apple	Apple scab	73	–^a	GenoScope
^aIn process.
^bThese species have broader host ranges and infect additional hosts.

Table 2. Five families of hydrocarbons produced by fungi

Compound	No. of carbons	Key enzyme(s)
Fatty acids, triglycerides	C12–C22	Fatty acid synthases
Fatty alcohols	C12–C22	Acyl-reductases
Polyketides	C(2n)+1; C9–C65	Polyketide synthases, oxidases, modifying enzymes
Terpenes (isoprenoids)	C5n ; C10–C40	Terpene synthases, modifying enzymes
Alkanes, cycloalkanes	C4–C36	Acyl-reductases, thioesterases, decarbonylase

Figure 2. The fungal tree of life. Phylogenetic tree of the current phyla, subphyla, and incertae sedis lineages of the Kingdom Fungi. Numbers in parentheses are approximate number of genome projects completed or in progress (http://fungalgenomes.org/wiki/Fungal_Genome_Links). Species names designate target taxa for the early diverging lineages that will be sequenced within the JGI Fungal Genomics Program.