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Mycology
An International Journal on Fungal Biology
Volume 4, 2013 - Issue 4
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Articles

Muscodor kashayum sp. nov. – a new volatile anti-microbial producing endophytic fungus

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Pages 196-204 | Received 31 Aug 2013, Accepted 18 Dec 2013, Published online: 05 Feb 2014

Figures & data

Figure 1. Morphological traits of Muscodor kashayum (#16 AMLWLS) after 10 days of growth in different medium. (a) Macromorphological culture in PDA medium ((b)–(d)); compound microscope micrographs of hyphae in PDA, MEA and CDA medium stained with lactophenol cotton blue ((e)–(g)); light microscope micrographs of coiling formation of fungal hyphae over CMA, WA and BLA medium; and (h) Scanning electron micrograph of the mycelial arrangement and morphology (Bar 10 µm).

Figure 1. Morphological traits of Muscodor kashayum (#16 AMLWLS) after 10 days of growth in different medium. (a) Macromorphological culture in PDA medium ((b)–(d)); compound microscope micrographs of hyphae in PDA, MEA and CDA medium stained with lactophenol cotton blue ((e)–(g)); light microscope micrographs of coiling formation of fungal hyphae over CMA, WA and BLA medium; and (h) Scanning electron micrograph of the mycelial arrangement and morphology (Bar 10 µm).

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among Muscodor spp. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the ITS rDNA gene sequences, applying maximum likelihood as optimality criterion.

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships among Muscodor spp. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the ITS rDNA gene sequences, applying maximum likelihood as optimality criterion.

Table 1. p-Distance of nucleotide sites among the ITS sequences compared between Muscodor Kashayum and 12 species of Muscodor.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic distance of Muscodor kashayum to congeneric species. Shown are p-distance values calculated by MEGA5.0.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic distance of Muscodor kashayum to congeneric species. Shown are p-distance values calculated by MEGA5.0.

Table 2. Nucleotide properties of the ITS region of the Muscodor kashayum and other species.

Table 3. Composition of the volatiles produced by Muscodor kashayum after 10-day incubation at 24 ± 2°C on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) entrapped using a solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fibre and GC/MS analysis.

Table 4. Growth inhibition of reference organisms by volatile compounds produced by Muscodor kashayum after 3-day exposure.

Figure 4. Growth inhibition assay. Inoculation with Muscodor kashayum (Left, Lower colony) inhibited growth of Fusarium oxysporum (inoculation in the upper quarter) as compared to the control (right). Pictures taken 3 days after inoculation.

Figure 4. Growth inhibition assay. Inoculation with Muscodor kashayum (Left, Lower colony) inhibited growth of Fusarium oxysporum (inoculation in the upper quarter) as compared to the control (right). Pictures taken 3 days after inoculation.

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