Overview on antibacterial metabolites from terrestrial Aspergillus spp

Figures & data

Table 1. Antibacterials derived from terrestrial Aspergillus spp.

Fungus	Antibacterial(s)	Susceptible bacteria (MIC, IZD, or IC50)	Reference
A. fumigatus	Helvolic acid	Gram-positive bacteria	(Chain et al. 1943)
A. giganteus (Wehm)	Claviformin (patulin)	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria	(Florey et al. 1944)
A. fumigatus	Aspergillin	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	(Soltys 1944)
A. niger (YWA), A. nidulans, A. oryzae (TP), and A. flavipes	Culture filtrate	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria	(Foster and Karow 1945)
Aspergillus spp.	Culture filtrate	Bacterium coli, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas pyocyanea	(Wilkins and Harris 1945)
Aspergillus spp.	Culture filtrate	S. aureus and Salmonella typhi	(Brian and Hemming 1947)
A. fumigatus	Fumagillin	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria	(Hanson and Eble 1949)
A. caespitosus	5,6-dihydro-5(S)-acetoxy-6(S)-1,2-trans-epoxypropyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 5,6-dihydro-5(S)-acetoxy-6(S)-(1,2-trans propenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, and 5,6-dihydro-5(R)-acetoxy-6(S)-(1,2-trans-epoxy-propyl)-H-pyran-2-one	Salmonella paratyphi A (MIC = 50, 50, and 100 μg ml^−1, respectively)	(Mizuba et al. 1975)
A. terreus var. aureus	Dihydrogeodin	Bacillus subtilis (IFO-3513) (MIC = 6.25 μg ml^−1)	(Inamori et al. 1983)
A. quadrilineatus	Petroleum ether extract of mycelia	S. aureus and B. Subtilis (IZDs= 18 and 20 mm, respectively)	(Irobi et al. 2000)
A. ochraceus (CL41582)	CJ-17,665	S. aureus (MDRSA), S. pyogenes, and E. faecalis (MIC = 12.5, 12.5, and 25 μg ml^−1, respectively)	(Sugie et al. 2001)
A. fumigatus	Chloroform extract of mycelia	S. aureus and M. luteus (IZDs = 20.67 and 39.33 mm, respectively)	(Furtado et al. 2002)
A. niger (IFB-E003)	Rubrofusarin B, fonsecinone A, asperpyrone B, and aurasperone A	B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. fluorescence (MICs = 1.9-31.2 μg ml^−1)	(Song et al. 2004)
Aspergillus sp. (CY 725)	Helvolic acid, monomethylsulochrin, ergosterol, and 3β-hydroxy-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-diene	Helicobacter pylori	(Li et al. 2005)
Aspergillus spp.	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (IZDs = 0-15.2 mm)	(Maria et al. 2005)
A. terreus var. terreus	Terreic acid and Butyrolactone I	Erwinia carotovora (IC50 = 5.1 and 12.5 μg ml^−1, by terreic acid and butyrolactone I, respectively), B. subtilis and Micrococcus luteus (IZDs = 35 and 8 mm, respectively, by terreic acid), and Bacillus brevis, B. subtilis, and Enterobacter dissolvens (IZDs = of 30, 21, and 17 mm, respectively, by butyrolactone I)	(Cazar et al. 2005)
A. flavus, A. glaucus, A. oryzae, A. parasiticus, and A. tamirii	Kojic acid	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 176–285 μg ml^−1)	(El-Aasar 2006)
A. niger (FKI-2342)	Tesyuic acid C	B. subtilis (IZD= 10 mm)	(Hasegawa et al. 2007)
A. awamori (F12)	Emodin	S. aureus and B. subtilis (MICs = 16 and 32 μg ml^−1, respectively)	(Chang et al. 2010).
Aspergillus sp.	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia and culture filtrate	Mycelial extract: (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa; IZDs = 8.6–12 mm) Culture broth: (P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae; IZDs = 13 and 15 mm)	(Prabavathy and Nachiyar 2012).
A. fumigatus	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, and S. aureus (IZDs = 16, 18, 20, 11, and 16 mm, respectively)	(Ruma et al. 2013)
Aspergillus sp. (EJC08)	Fumigaclavine C and pseurotin A	Fumigaclavine C: (B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus (MICs = 7.81, 62.5, 31.25, and 15.62 μg ml^−1, respectively) Pseurotin A: (B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus (MICs = 15.6, 31.3, 31.3, and 15.6 μg ml^−1, respectively)	(Pinheiro et al. 2013)
A. niger	Culture filtrate	P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Bacillus sp. (IZDs = 15, 25, 30, and 32 mm, respectively)	(Al-Shaibani et al. 2013)
Aspergillus sp.	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (IZDs = 0–21.7 mm)	(Sadrati et al. 2013)
Aspergillus sp. (KJ-9)	Dianhydro-aurasperone C, fonsecinone A, asperazine, rubrofusarin B, and (R)-3- hydroxybutanonitrile	E. coli, B. subtilis, B. cereus, and S. aureus (MICs = 25–50 μM)	(Xiao et al. 2014)
A. fumigatiaffinis	Neosartorin	S. aureus, B. subtilis, and most streptococci (MICs = 4–8 μg ml^−1)	(Ola et al. 2014)
Aspergillus sp.	Ergosterol, cerevisterol, 5-hydroxymethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid, allantoin, trypacidin, and monomethylsulochrin	Allantoin showed the most activity, with MIC of 1 μg ml^−1 against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, and 2 μg ml^−1 against B. subtilis, Staphylococcus faecalis, and E. coli	(Zhang et al. 2014).
A. terreus (SM-EF 3)	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	S. typhi, S. aureus, V. cholera, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. paratyphi, and Klebsiella oxytoca (IZDs = 11.6, 10.3, 10, 9.3, 9, 8.6, and 5.6 mm, respectively)	(Kalyanasundaram et al. 2015)
A. flavus (SM-EF 2)	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	S. paratyphi, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus (IZDs = 7, 5.3, and 5.6 mm, respectively)	(Kalyanasundaram et al. 2015)
Aspergillus sp. (IFB-YXS)	Xanthoascin	Clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicus (MIC = 0.31 μg ml^−1)	(Zhang et al. 2015)
A. niger	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli (IZDs = 9, 15, and 7 mm, respectively)	(Ratnaweera et al. 2015)
A. fumigatus (AF3-093A)	Flavipin, chaetoglobosin A, and chaetoglobosin B	S. aureus, MRSA, and M. tuberculosis (H37Ra)	(Flewelling et al. 2015)
A. terreus	(22E,24R)-stigmasta-5,7,22-trien-3-β-ol (38)	MRSA (IC50 = 0.96 μg ml^−1)	(Ibrahim et al. 2015b)
A. persii (EML-HPB1-11)	Penicillic acid	Twelve phytopathogenic bacteria (MICs = 12.3–111.1 μg ml^−1)	(Nguyen et al. 2016)
A. awamori (WAIR120; LC032125)	Emodin	E. faecalis (AHR7) (MIC = 125 μg ml^−1)	(Ismaiel et al. 2016)
A. tubingensis	Ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate	B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, S. flexneri, and K. pneumonia (IZDs = 20.3, 16.5, 18, 15.7, 13, and 15.6 mm, respectively)	(Padhi et al. 2017)
A. tamarii (SRRC 108818S)	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	S. typhi (ATCC33458), S. aureus (ATCC6538), B. subtilis (ATCC6633), E. coli (ATCC25922) (IZDs = 15.5, 14.5, 14, and 23 mm, respectively)	(Ogbole et al. 2017)
A. fumigatus	Acetonitrile extract of the culture filtrate	S. typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and P. aeruginosa (IZDs = 8, 19, and 25 mm, respectively)	(Hassan and Bakhiet 2017)
A. fumigatus and A. niger	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	Proteus mirabilis, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and P. fluorescense (IZDs of A. fumigatus = 9, 9, 6, 13, 8, and 6.5 mm, respectively, while IZDs of A. niger = 2–6 mm)	(Akinyemi 2017)
A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger	Ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate	S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (highest activity was of A. fumigatus, with MICs of 250 μg ml^−1)	(Yahaya et al. 2017)
A. clavatonanicus (MJ31)	Ethyl acetate extracts of the mycelia and culture filtrate	B. subtilis, M. luteus, and S. aureus (MICs = 0.078, 0.156, and 0.312 mg ml^−1, respectively)	(Mishra et al. 2017)
A. niger (MTCC-961)	Ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (IZDs = 11–18 mm)	(Kalyani and Hemalatha 2017)
A. oryzae (DBM4336)	Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of mycelia	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (IZDs = 1–10 mm by ethanolic)	(Synytsya et al. 2017)
Aspergillus spp.	Chloroform extract of the culture filtrate	S. aureus (ATCC 25923), B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), and E. coli (ATCC 25922) (IZDs = 7–31.67 mm)	(Amina et al. 2017)
A. sclerotiorum (PSU-RSPG178)	Penicillic acid	S. aureus and E. coli (MICs = 128 μg ml^−1, for each)	(Phainuphong et al. 2017)
A. niger	Ethyl acetate extract of mycelia	S. aureus (MTCC96), M. luteus (MTCC106), P. aeruginosa (MTCC326), E. faecalis (MTCC439), and P. mirabilis (MTCC1429) (IZDs = 15–23 mm)	(Thorati and Mishra 2017)
Aspergillus sp.	Ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrate	Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (IZDs = 9.2–15.2 mm and MICs = 15.62–250 μg ml^−1)	(Monggoot et al. 2018).
A. nidulans (MA-143)	Isoversicolorin C, isosecosterigmatocystin, glulisine, and versicolorin	Highest activities were for isoversicolorin C against Vibrio alginolyticus and E. ictaluri (MICs = 1 and 4 μg ml^−1, respectively) and for Isosecosterigmatocystin against E. coli, M. luteus, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and E. ictaluri (MICs = 1–8 μg ml^−1)	(Yang et al. 2018)
A. versicolor	Bisabolane sesquiterpenoid derivatives	E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (MICs = 15.2 to 85.2 μg ml^−1	(Guo et al. 2018)
A. fumigatus (CBA2743)	Unidentified fractions of the fermentation broth	F4 fraction fraction had positive antimycobacterial activity (MIC = 256 μg ml^−1)	(Silva et al. 2018)

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