Figures & data
Figure 1. Location of the sampling sites in two districts of Tianjin city, China. The map was generated from ArcGIS 10.8.
Figure 2. Taxonomic identification and relative abundance of airborne fungi isolated from all selected sites.
Figure 3. Relative abundance of airborne fungal genera isolated from the analyzed sites. (a) Overview of total fungal diversity from all sampling sites. (b) Genus-level fungal diversity during off-peak and peak periods. Fungal genera with very low relative abundances (<1%) were merged as “others” in the bar plot.
Figure 4. Concentration of airborne fungi during car traffic off-peak (a) and peak (b) in the five analyzed sites during the three-week sampling period (CFU/m3). WRND = no. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin; MSRHD = Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin; XRHD = no. 2, Xikang Road, Heping District, Tianjin; KRHD = no. 74 Kunming Road, Heping District, Tianjin; LRHD = Lanzhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin.
Table 1. Fungal colony concentration in each sampling site.
Table 2. Distribution of the 5 most abundant fungal genera during off-peak and peak periods.
Table 3. Shannon index of fungal community diversity in different sampling locations, periods of car traffic intensity (off-peak/Peak), and weeks.
Figure 5. Number of shared and exclusive fungal genera collected from the five sampling sites by upset-Venn diagram. The black columns in the upper part of the graph represent the number of genera present in the sites marked with a colored dot in the lower part of the graph. WRND = no. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin; MSRHD = Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin; XRHD = no. 2, Xikang Road, Heping District, Tianjin; KRHD = no. 74 Kunming Road, Heping District, Tianjin; LRHD = Lanzhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin.
Figure 6. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots of fungal communities at the car traffic off-peak and peak sampling periods based on Bray-Curtis distance. The r and P values of the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) were reported in the figure (P < 0.05). WRND = no. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin; MSRHD = Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin; XRHD = no. 2, Xikang Road, Heping District, Tianjin; KRHD = no. 74 Kunming Road, Heping District, Tianjin; LRHD = Lanzhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin.
Figure 7. Influence of environmental variables on the fungal community. Distance-based redundancy analysis of the fungal communities, with symbols coded by sampling locations and fungal genera, while T and RH refer to “temperature” and “relative humidity”, respectively.
Figure 8. Correlation heatmap between the detected 45 fungal genera and the analyzed environmental factors (RH = relative humidity, T = temperature). Different colors infer Spearman’s correlation coefficients (r). The value P is indicated as: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Supplemental Material
Download MS Word (537.1 KB)Data availability statement
Data presented in this study can be found as part of the manuscript, and in the Supplementary Materials. The fungal DNA sequences amplified during this study are available at GenBank under accessions ON790266–ON790509.