Physician-community pharmacist collaborative care in diabetes management: a pilot study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the patients who underwent study enrollment and completed the questionnaire.

Variable
Age, years (mean ± SD)	59 ± 11.0
Body Mass Index (kg/m^2)	26.2 ± 4.4
Gender – n (%)
Male	120 (60.0)
Female	80 (40.0)
Place of residence – n (%)
Beirut	60 (30%)
Mount Lebanon	46 (23%)
South	45 (22%)
North	48 (24%)
Bekaa
Patients with other comorbid diseases – n (%)
Hypertension	80 (40%)
Dyslipidemia	40 (20%)
Coronary artery disease	24 (12%)
Level of education – n (%)
Illiterate	30 (15%)
Primary school	50 (25%)
Secondary school	58 (29%)
University	62 (31%)
Social habits – n (%)
Current cigarette smoking	56 (28.0)
Current alcohol	40 (20.0)
Family history – n (%)
Diabetes mellitus type 2	50 (25%)
Hypertension (as recorded in patient profile)	38 (19%)
Cardiac disease	30 (15%)
Renal disease	4 (2%)
Duration of diabetes history, years (mean ± SD)	8.2 ± 6.8
Personal diabetes history ( mean ± SD)
Fasting blood glucose levels	155 ± 48 mg/dl
Postprandial glucose levels	230 ± 65 mg/dl
HbA1C	7.5% ± 1.5%
Past medication history
Monotherapy	104 (52%)
Combination	80 (40%)
Triple therapy	16 (8%)

Table 2. Impact of pharmacist counseling on patient knowledge about disease complications.

Pharmacist interventions	Patients assessment before pharmacist counseling – % (n)	Patients assessment after pharmacist counseling – % (n)	p
Awareness about retinopathy development	32 (64)	56 (112)	.072
Awareness about nephropathy development	36 (72)	80 (160)	.003
Awareness about neuropathy development	48 (96)	88 (176)	.002
Knowledge about symptoms of retinopathy	72 (144)	84 (164)	.001
Knowledge about symptoms of nephropathy	60 (120)	80 (160)	.003
Knowledge about symptoms of neuropathy	68 (136)	72 (144)	.09
Follow-up of retinopathy monitoring on yearly basis	20 (40)	92 (184)	.01
Follow-up of neuropathy monitoring on monthly basis	17 (80)	70 (140)	.003
Follow-up of nephropathy monitoring on yearly basis	13 (26)	60 (120)	.001

Table 3. Impact of pharmacist counseling on patient knowledge about drug administration, adherence and side effects.

Pharmacist interventions	Patients assessment before pharmacist counseling – % (n)	Patients assessment after pharmacist counseling – % (n)	p
Adherence with the medication frequency	64 (128)	84 (168)	.001
Adherence with the medication timing	32 (64)	56 (112)	.072
Adherence with the medication administration	36 (72)	80 (160)	.003
Knowledge about medication side effects	48 (96)	88 (176)	.002
Maintenance of a well-balanced diet	72 (144)	84 (164)	.001
Performance of regular exercise	60 (120)	80 (160)	.003
Smoking cessation	68 (136)	72 (144)	.09