Risk factors of mortality in patients with purple urine bag syndrome

Figures & data

Figure 1. The process of enrolling 116 purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) cases.

Table 1. Comparison between survival and mortality cases in PUBS.

Group (n, %)	Enrolled (116, 100%)	Survival (108, 93.1%)	Mortality (8, 6.9%)	Two-tailed P
Male:Female	47:69	44:64	3:5	0.043
Age (years)	75.5 ± 12.8	76.1 ± 12.5	69.3 ± 15.9	0.775
WBC (/µL)	12,695 ± 10,586	9999 ± 5790	14,120 ± 2934	0.009
Urine pH	8 ± 0.9	8 ± 0.9	8 ± 0.7	0.670
Fever	13/116, 11.2%	11/108, 10.2%	2/8, 25%	0.441
Shock	10/116, 8.6%	4/108, 3.7%	6/8, 75%	0.001
Indwelling urinary catheter	113/116, 97%	106/108, 98%	7/8, 88%	0.977
Constipation	45/116, 39%	43/108, 40%	2/8, 25%	0.845
Nursing home resident	35/57, 61%	33/53, 63%	2/4, 50%	0.970
DM	22/116, 19%	15/108, 14%	4/8, 50%	0.044
Uremia	21/116, 18%	15/108, 14%	6/8, 75%	0.010

Abbreviations. DM, diabetes mellitus; PUBS, Purple Urine Bag Syndrome; WBC, White Blood-cell Count.

Table 2. Relative risk of sex, white blood cell count, presentation of shock, diabetes, and uremia for mortality of PUBS patients.

Mortality rate	(n/N, %)	(n/N, %)	Relative risk (95% CI)
Gender	Men (3/47, 6.4%)	Women (5/69, 7.2%)	1.1 (0.26–5.0)
WBC count	Normal WBC (0/11, 0%)	Elevated WBC (8/105, 7.6%)	1.1 (1.03–1.1)
Diabetes mellitus	No DM (4/91, 4.4%)	DM (4/19, 21%)	4.8 (1.3–17.5)
Shock	No shock (4/96, 4.2%)	Shock (6/10, 60%)	14.4 (4.9–42.6)
Uremia	No uremia (2/91, 2.2%)	Uremia (6/21, 28.6%)	17.8 (3.3–96.6)

Abbreviations. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; n, number of mortality cases; N, all PUBS cases; PUBS, purple urine bag syndrome; WBC, white blood-cell count.

Table 3. List of pathogens in all PUBS cases and fatal PUBS cases.

	Overall	Mortality group
Escherichia coli	28%	27%
Mixed infection	18%	13%
Enterococcus faecalis	13%	13%
Proteus spp.	9%	13%
Morganella morganaii	9%	13%
Klebsiella spp.	9%	0%
Providencia rettgeri	8%	13%
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	6%	7%
Streptococcus spp.	2%	0%
Staphylococcus spp.	1%	0%