Changes in the forest landscape of Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines

Figures & data

Figure 1. (Color version available online) Location of the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines (composite image of red, green, and blue bands).

Table 1. List of land satellite imageries used in the study.

WRS:P/R	Acquisition Date	Dataset	Attributes
116/050	4 April 1993	ETM	Ortho, Geocover
116/050	4 March 2002	ETM +	L1G
–	3 November 2008	ASTER	L1A

Figure 2. Histograms of NDVI images using ASTER (a) and Landsat ETM + (b).

Table 2. Threshold NDVI values adopted at the study area.

Land Cover Classes (NDVI Segments)	NDVI Values (8 bit)
	ASTER	Landsat ETM+
Non-vegetative	0–160	0–140
Low vegetative	160–191	140–160
High vegetative	≥ 191	≥ 160

Figure 3. (Color version available online) Land cover classification based on (a) 1993, (b) 2002, and (c) 2008 scenes at the study area.

Table 3. Summary of spatial coverage from the classified land cover at the study area.

	1993		2002		2008
Land cover/use category	Area (ha)	% of area	Area (ha)	% of area	Area (ha)	% of area
Forest	2357	54.2	2241	51.6	2909	66.9
Agroforestry	1747	40.2	1999	46.0	1105	25.5
Special use	242	5.6	106	2.4	141	3.2
Clouds and shadows	0	0	0	0	191	4.4
Total	4346	100	4346	100	4346	100

Table 4. Land cover classification accuracy assessment.

		Truth
Special use	Agroforestry	Forest	Total	Error commission
Mapped	Special use	14	0	0	14	0
	Agroforestry	0	35	0	35	0
	Forest	2	6	16	24	0.33
	Total	16	41	16	73
	Error omission	0.12	0.14	0

Figure 4. Gains and losses in area coverage between 1993 and 2002, 1993 and 2008, and 2002 and 2008.

Table 5. Net change (land cover change matrix) experienced between categories.

Category	Period	% of area
		Forest	Agroforestry	Special use
Forest	1993–2002	–	−1.84	0.50
	2002–2008	–	8.58	−0.08
	1993–2008	–	6.61	0.86
Agroforestry	1993–2002	1.84	–	1.06
	2002–2008	−8.58	–	−0.40
	1993–2008	−6.61	–	0.12
Special use	1993–2002	−0.50	−1.06	–
	2002–2008	−0.08	0.40	–
	1993–2008	−0.86	−0.12	–