Breeding ecology of tits Parus spp. using artificial nest boxes in a coniferous forest over a five-year period

Figures & data

Table 1. Differences in nest box entrance diameters used by breeding pairs of Parus spp. in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	Entrance diameter (mm)
Year	30 (n = 15)	35 (n = 15)	40 (n = 15)
2006	4	1	3
2007	6	1	2
2008	4	1	4
2009	4	4	2
2010	2	4	-
Total	20	11	11

Table 2. Differences in nest box entrance diameter used by breeding pairs of varied tit Parus varius in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	Entrance diameter (mm)
Year	30 (n = 15)	35 (n = 15)	40 (n = 15)
2006	1	-	1
2007	-	1	1
2008	1	-	1
2009	-	-	1
2010	-	-	-
Total	2	1	4

Table 3. Differences in nest box entrance diameter used by breeding pairs of marsh tit Parus palustris in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	Entrance diameter (mm)
Year	30 (n = 15)	35 (n = 15)	40 (n = 15)
2006	1	1	-
2007	1	-	-
2008	-	1	-
2009	3	-	-
2010	1	-	-
Total	6	2	-

Table 4. Differences in nest box entrance diameter used by breeding pairs of coal tit Parus ater in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	Entrance diameter (mm)
Year	30 (n = 15)	35 (n = 15)	40 (n = 15)
2006	2	-	-
2007	4	-	-
2008	3	-	-
2009	-	1	1
2010	1	3	-
Total	10	4	1

Table 5. Differences in nest box entrance diameter used by breeding pairs of great tit Parus major in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	Entrance diameter (mm)
Year	30 (n = 15)	35 (n = 15)	40 (n = 15)
2006	-	-	2
2007	1	-	1
2008	-	-	3
2009	1	3	-
2010	-	1	-
Total	2	4	6

Table 6. Breeding data of varied tit Parus varius using artificial nest boxes in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
First egg date	18 April	16 April	15 April	11 April	-
Clutch size (ea)	9.50 ± 0.71^*	10.00 ± 0.00	9.50 ± 2.12	10.00 ± 0.00	-
Brood size (ea)	4.50 ± 2.12	5.00 ± 0.00	6.00 ± 1.41	10.00 ± 0.00	-
Egg incubation period (days)	20.07 ± 3.78	18.39 ± 2.15	19.27 ± 2.57	18.50 ± 3.03	-
Nestling care period (days)	14.31 ± 0.79	16.27 ± 0.97	15.79 ± 1.02	15.40 ± 0.52	-
Breeding success (%)	47.4	50.0	63.2	81.8	-
^*Mean ± SE.

Table 7. Breeding data of marsh tit Parus palustris using artificial nest boxes in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
First egg date	18 April	13 April	15 April	2 April	18 April
Clutch size (ea)	7.50 ± 2.12^*	10.00 ± 0.00	9.00 ± 0.00	9.00 ± 2.65	10.00 ± 0.00
Brood size (ea)	3.50 ± 0.71	6.00 ± 0.00	5.00 ± 0.00	8.50 ± 0.71	5.00 ± 0.00
Egg incubation period (days)	20.14 ± 3.25	17.38 ± 2.64	19.56 ± 2.37	18.76 ± 3.11	21.50 ± 3.03
Nestling care period (days)	14.31 ± 0.78	13.29 ± 1.04	15.39 ± 0.69	11.38 ± 0.52	17.60 ± 0.55
Breeding success (%)	46.7	50.0	44.4	37.5	50.0
^*Mean ± SE.

Table 8. Breeding data of coal tit Parus ater using artificial nest boxes in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
First egg date	15 April	9 April	12 April	7 April	10 April
Clutch size (ea)	9.50 ± 0.71^*	9.33 ± 1.53	9.00 ± 2.00	11.00 ± 1.41	7.00 ± 2.94
Brood size (ea)	7.50 ± 3.54	7.75 ± 4.11	6.67 ± 2.52	10.00 ± 0.00	4.33 ± 2.31
Egg incubation period (days)	20.64 ± 3.41	19.54 ± 2.36	18.34 ± 2.67	19.50 ± 3.61	19.18 ± 3.16
Nestling care period (days)	16.97 ± 0.67	15.69 ± 0.95	16.04 ± 0.68	16.30 ± 0.48	16.92 ± 0.95
Breeding success (%)	78.9	69.9	66.7	47.4	46.4
^*Mean ± SE.

Table 9. Breeding data of great tit Parus major using artificial nest boxes in a coniferous forest at the Ansung Campus, Chung-Ang University from March through July, 2006 to 2010.

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
First egg date	17 April	2 April	10 April	6 April	6 May
Clutch size (ea)	5.00 ± 1.65^*	8.00 ± 2.38	7.33 ± 1.15	9.50 ± 0.58	10.00 ± 0.00
Brood size (ea)	2.50 ± 1.12	3.50 ± 1.53	4.67 ± 1.53	8.00 ± 0.82	-
Egg incubation period (days)	17.69 ± 2.57	19.34 ± 3.28	18.97 ± 2.38	18.24 ± 3.00	-
Nestling care period (days)	14.37 ± 1.05	15.12 ± 0.57	14.28 ± 0.97	14.84 ± 1.25	-
Breeding success (%)	50.0	43.8	61.6	85.7	-
^*Mean ± SE.