Forest resources and forestry in Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1. Extent of forest area, inland water, coastal and marine ecosystem based on forestry ministerial decree on the designation of provincial forest area, inland water, coastal and marine ecosystem and forest land use by consensus.

		Forest Inland Water, Coastal and Marine Area (ha)
NO	Province	Decree No.	Sanctuary Reserve Area + Nature Conservation Area			Protection Forest	Limited Production Forest	Permanent Production Forest	Convertible Production Forest	Game Hunting Parks	Total of Terrestrial Forest Area	Total of Forest & Water Area	Remarks
1	2	3	Waters 4	Land 5	Total 6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
1	NAD	170/Kpts-II/2000	214,100.00	772,633.00	986,733.00	1,844,500.00	37,300.00	601,280.00		80,000.00	3,335,713.00	3,549,813.00
2	North Sumatra	44/Menhut-II/2005		468,720.00	468,720.00	1,297,330.00	879,270.00	1,035,690.00	52,760.00	8,350.00	3,742,120.00	3,742,120.00
3	West Sumatra	422/Kpts-II/1999		846,175.00	846,175.00	910,533.00	246,383.00	407,849.00	189,346.00		2,600.286.00	2,600,286.00
4	Riau	173/Kpts-II/1986		435,240.00	435,240.00	397,150.00	1,971,553.00	1,866,132.00	4,77,085.00	16,000.00	9,456,160.00	9,456,160.00	1)
5	Jambi	421/Kpts-II/1999		676,120.00	676,120.00	191,130.00	340,700.00	971,490.00			2,179,440.00	2,179,440.00
6	South Sumatra	76/Kpts-II/2001	17,000.00	662,726.00	679,726.00	603,793.00	217,370.00	1,826,993.00	431,445.00		3,742,327.00	3,759,327.00	*)
7	Bengkulu	420/Kpts-II/1999		419,582.00	419,582.00	252,042.00	189,075.00	34,965.00		25,300.00	920,964.00	920,964.00
8	Lampung	256/Kpts-II/2000		462,030.00	462,030.00	317,615.00	33,358.00	191,732.00			1,004,735.00	1,004,735.00
9	Bangka Belitung Archipelago	357/Menhut-II/04		34,690.00							657,510.00	657,510.00
10	Riau Archipelago												2)
11	DKI Jakarta	220/Kpts-II/2000	108,00.00	272.34	108,272.34	44.76		158.35			475.45	108,475.45
12	West Java	195/Kpts-II/2003		119,759.00	119,759.00	291,306.00	190,152.00	202,965.00		12,420.70	816,602.70	816,602.70
13	Central Java	359/Menhut-II/04		16,413.00	126,530.00	84,430.00	183,930.00	362,360.00			647,133.00	757,250.00
14	DI. Yogyakarta	171/Kpts-II/2000		910.34	910.34	2,057.90		13,851.28			16,819.52	16,819.52
15	East Java	417/Kpts-II/1999		230,248.00	230,248.30	315,505.30		811,452.70			1,357,206.30	1,357,206.30
16	Banten		51,467.00	112,991.00	164,458.00	12,359.00	49,439.00	26,998.00			201,787.00	253,254.00	3)
17	Bali	433/Kpts-II/1999	3,415.00	22,878.59	26,293.59	95,766.06	6,719.26	1,907.10			127,271.01	130,686.01
18	West Nusa Tenggara	418/Kpts-II/1999	11,554.00	75,221.00	86,775.00	421,854.00	334,409.00	126,278.00		52,250.00	1,010,012.00	1,021,566.00	3)
19	East Nusa Tenggara	423/Kpts-II/1999	253,922.00	83,846.00	337,768.00	731,20.00	197,250.00	428,360.00	101,830.00	12,562.00	1,555,068.00	1,808,990,00	3)
20	West Kalimantan	259/Kpts-II/200	77,000.00	1,568,580.00	1,645,580.00	2,307,045.00	2,445,985.00	2,265,800.00	514,350.00		9,101,760.00	9,178,760,00
21	Central Kalimantan	759/Kpts/Um/101/1982		729,419.00	729,419.00	800,000.00	3,400,00.00	6,068,000.00	4,032,581.00		15,300,000.00	15,300,000.00	1)
22	South Kalimantan	453/Kpts-II/1999		175,565.00	175,565.00	554,139.00	155,268.00	688,884.00	265,638.00		1,839,494100	1,839,494,00
23	East Kalimantan	79/Kpts-II/2001	500.00	2,164,698.00	2,165,198.00	2,751,702.00	4,612,965.00	5,121,688.00			14,651,053.00	14,651,553.00
24	North Sulawesi	452/Kpts-II/1999	89,065.00	429,065.00	518,130.00	341,447.00	552,573.00	168,108.00	34,812.00		1,526,005.00	1,615,070.00
25	Central Sulawesi	757/Kpts-II/1999		671,248.00	671,248,00	1,489,923.00	1,476,316.00	500,589.00	251,856.00	5,000.00	4,394,932.00	4,394,932.00
26	South Sulawesi	890/Kpts-II/1999	580,765.00	194,368.00	775,133.00	1,944,416.00	855,730.00	188,486.00	102,073.00	13,932.20	3,299,005.20	3,879,770.20	3)
27	Southeast Sulawesi	454/Kpts-II/1999	81,800.00	184,269.00	266,069.00	1,061,270.00	419,244.00	633,431.00	212,123.00	8,000.00	2,518,337.00	2,600,137.00
28	Gorontaio												2)
29	West Sulawesi
30	Maluku	415/Kpts-II/1999	118,598.00	324,747.00	443,345.00	1,809,634.00	1,653,625.00	1,053,171.00	2,304,932.00		7,146,109.00	7,264,707.00
31	North Maluku				0.00						0.00	0.00	2)
32	West Papua												2)
33	Papua	891/Kpts-II/1999	1,678,480.00	8,025,820.00	9,704,300.00	10,619,090.00	2,054,110.00	10,585,210.00	9,262,130.00		40,546,360.00	42,224,840.00
	Total		3,395.783	19,908,234.57	23,304,017.57	31,604,032.02	22,502,724.26	36,649,918.43	22,795,961.00	233,814.90	133,694,685.18	137,090,468.18
Source: Directorate General of Forestry Planning (2009). In Forestry Statistics of Indonesia (2010).
Note: 1) Forestry Ministerial Decree is not issued yet, data is based on Forest Land Use by Consensus.
2) Forestry Ministerial Decree is not issued yet, data is still joined to the main province.
3) Forestry Ministerial Decree is under review.
*) Forest area of South Sumatera Province based on Forestry Ministerial Decree No. 76/Kpts-II/2001 dated March 15, 2001 is 4,416,837 Ha. Forest Extent After Bangka Belitung Province is separated 3,759,327 Ha.

Table 2. Recapitulation of the sum and acreage of Natural Forest Concession Companies (IUPHHK-HA) in each province in Indonesia.

No.	Province	Unit	Area (ha)
1	N. Aceh Darussalam	7	405,129
2	North Sumatra	6	328,803
3	West Sumatra	3	160,590
4	Riau	6	318,408
5	Jambi	2	81,115
6	South Sumatra	2	108,170
7	Bengkulu	2	56,070
8	West Kalimantan	23	1,145,655
9	Central Kalimantan	59	4,067,010
10	South Kalimantan	4	243,241
11	East Kalimantan	90	6,317,798
12	North Sulawesi	2	60,800
13	Gorontalo	3	145,000
14	Central Sulawesi	13	854,245
15	Southeast Sulawesi	2	85,590
16	West Sulawesi	4	184,285
17	Moluccas	11	697,195
18	North Moluccas	17	886,900
19	Papua	25	5,378,180
20	West Papua	22	3,097,658
	Total	303	24,625,842
Source: Directorate General of Forestry Production Development (2009) In Forestry Statistics of Indonesia (2010).

Table 3. Recapitulation of the sum and acreage of Forest Plantation Companies (IUPHHK-HTI) in each province in Indonesia.

No.	Province	Definitive Letter Decree		Temporary Letter Decree		TOTAL
		Unit	Area (ha)	Unit	Area (ha)	Unit	Area (ha)
1	N. Aceh Darussalam	6	233,870	1	7300	7	241,170
2	North Sumatra	8	321,732	-	-	8	321,732
3	West Sumatra	3	50,649	-	-	3	50,649
4	Riau	49	1,645,301	-	-	49	1,645,301
5	Jambi	18	663,809	-	-	18	663,809
6	South Sumatra	19	1,375,312	1	21,000	20	1,396,312
7	Bangka Belitung	3	81,375	-	-	3	81,375
8	Lampung	5	157,044	-	-	5	157,044
9	West Nusa Tenggara	2	64,780	-	-	2	64,780
10	East Nusa Tenggara	-	-	1	13,375	1	13,375
11	West Kalimantan	28	1,358,436	5	270,820	33	1,629,256
12	Central Kalimantan	16	486,326	4	39,700	20	526,026
13	South Kalimantan	13	497,560	1	30,000	14	527,560
14	East Kalimantan	330	1,420,767	5	33,200	35	1,453,967
15	North Sulawesi	1	7500	-	-	1	7500
16	Central Sulawesi	1	13,400	-	-	1	13,400
17	West Sulawesi	1	13,300	-	-	1	13,300
18	South Sulawesi	1	29,000	3	59,900	4	88,900
19	Moluccas	2	50,455	-	-	2	50,455
20	North Moluccas	4	59,138	-	-	4	59,138
21	Papua	2	376,200	-	-	2	376,200
	TOTAL	212	8,905,954	21	475,295	233	9,381,249
Source: Directorate General of Forestry Production Development (2009) In Forestry Statistics of Indonesia (2010).

Table 4. Recapitulation of the sum and acreage of People Forest Plantation, Community Forest and Village Forest in each province in Indonesia.

No.	Province	People Forest Plantation		Community Forest		Village Forest
		Unit	Area (ha)	Unit	Area (ha)	Unit	Area (ha)
1	N. Aceh Darussalam	5	8081.00	-	-	-	-
2	North Sumatra	8	47,950.00	-	-	-	-
3	West Sumatra	2	5,345.00	-	-	-	-
4	Riau	2	25,580.00	-	-	-	-
5	Riau Archipelago	2	21,530.00	-	-	-	-
6	Jambi	7	49,703.00	-	-	1	2356
7	South Sumatra	5	42,605.00	-	-	1	7250
8	Bengkulu	1	19,660.00	2	2068.00	-	-
9	Bangka Belitung	2	7680.00	-	-	-	-
10	Lampung	1	24,835.00	7	34,423.61	-	-
11	DI. Yogyakarta	1	327,73	2	1,157.25	-	-
12	Bali	1	375,00	1	150.00	-	-
13	West Nusa Tenggara	4	3236.00	5	4067.50	-	-
14	East Nusa Tenggara	1	10,730.00	3	18,033.00	-	-
15	West Kalimantan	4	40,690.00	-	-	-	-
16	Central Kalimantan	1	11,942.00	1	3450.00	-	-
17	South Kalimantan	6	29,758.00	-	-	-	-
18	East Kalimantan	1	2,090.00	-	-	-	-
19	North Sulawesi	9	48,140.00	-	-	-	-
20	Gorontalo	4	13,005.00	-	-	-	-
21	Central Sulawesi	5	23,375.00	1	500.00	-	-
22	Southeast Sulawesi	5	68,945.00	-	-	-	-
23	South Sulawesi	13	40,535.00	1	890.00	1	704
24	West Sulawesi	4	29,570.00	-	-	-	-
25	North Moluccas	4	224,120.00	-	-	-	-
26	Papua	2	29,350.00	-	-	-	-
	TOTAL	100	629,157.73	23	64,739.36	3	10,310
Source: Directorate General of Forestry Production Development (2009) In Forestry Statistics of Indonesia (2010).

Figure 1. Log production from natural production forest and forest plantation in the period of 2004 to 2008.

Table 5. New licenses issued for timber primary industry with capacity >6000 m³/year in 2006–2008.

No		Types of Industry	Year						Total
			2006		2007		2008
			Total	Permitted Production Capacity	Total	Permitted Production Capacity	Total	Permitted Production Capacity	Total	Permitted Production Capacity
I		Not Integrated
	1	Veneer	3	160,000	5	205,000	6	22,000	14	594,000
	2	Plywood	1	260,000	1	100,000	1	12,000	3	372,000
	3	LVL	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	4	Sawn Timber	0	0	0	0	1	30,000	1	30,000
	5	Wood Chips	1	166,667	1	1,166,667	2	1,311,067	4	2,644,401
		Total I	5	1,586,667	7	1,471,667	10	1,582,067	22	4,640,401
II		Integrated
	1	Plywood + Sawn Timber	0	0	2	452,500	1	48,000	3	500,500
	2	Plywood + Sawn Timber + Veneer	0	0	2	148,400	1	60,000	3	208,400
		Total II	0	0	4	600,900	2	108,000	6	708,900
		Total I + II	5	1,586,667	11	2,072,567	12	1,690,067	28	5,349,301
Source: Directorate General of Forestry Production Development (2009). In Forestry Statistics of Indonesia (2010).

Table 6. Main forest ecosystems in Indonesia.

Climate	Soil Water	Soils	Elevation	Forest formation
Seasonally dry	Strong annual shortage	Podsol, Renzina, Latosol	0–(750) 1000 m,	Lowland Monsoon forest (seasonal forest)
		Red yellow podsolic, latosol, andosol	1000–3000 m	Montane monsoon forest
Ever-wet (perhumid)	Dryland	Zonal (mainly oxisols, ultisols)	Lowland	Lowland evergreen rain forest
			Mountains (750) 1200–1500 m	Lower montane rain forest
			(1500) 2500–3300 m	Upper montane rain forest
			(3350) m
			3000 (3350) m to tree-line	Subalpine forest
		Podozolized sands	0–(750) 1000 m	Heath forest
		Renzina, Latosol	0–(750) 1000 m	Forest over limestone
		Soils with high Mg, Fe, and Si content	0–(750) 1000 m	Forest over ultrabasic
	Water table high (at least periodically) Coastal salt-water	Regosol, Red yellow podsolic	0–(750) 1000 m	Beach forest
	Inland fresh water	Alluvial Oligotrophic peats	<0 m 0–(750) 1000 m	Mangrove forest Peat swamp forest
	Eutrophic (muck and minerals) soil	0–(750) 1000 m	Freshwater swamp forest
Source: Kartawinata (2005).