Toona sureni (blume) merr. Seeds invigoration using ⁶⁰Co Gamma-Rays irradiation

Figures & data

Table 1. Multivariate analysis of variance summary of aging and gamma-ray irradiation treatment various effects on suren seeds on germination percentage, germination speed, seed height, and electrical conductivity.

Source of variation		F-test
	df	Electrical conductivity	Germination percentage	Germination speed	Seedling height
Aging (A)	2	23.125**	0.875 ^ns	3.793 **	14.814**
Gamma-ray irradiation (B)	6	1.209 ^ns	5.824**	6.109 **	91.956**
Interaction (AxB)	12	4.121**	3.163**	3.006 **	2.808 **

Ns: not significant; **: significantly at 1% level

Figure 1. Germination percentage of suren seeds from gamma-ray irradiation doses 0, 20.40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy, which have undergone aging treatment for 0 days (a), 2 days (b)and four days (c).

Table 2. The average of germination percentage, germination speed, seedling height, and electrical conductivity of suren seed treated with aging and gamma-ray irradiation.

Aging periods (Days)	Irradiation doses (Gy)	Electrical conductivity (μSg^-1)	Germination percentage (%)	Germination speed (% etmal^-1)	Seedling height (cm)
0	0	0.33 ± 0.01 efg	81.00 ± 6.22 d	5.44 ± 0.35 def	4.40 ± 0.18 fg
	5	0.34 ± 0.06 g	77.50 ± 26.42 cd	5.03 ± 1.67 b-f	4.50 ± 1.43 g
	10	0.32 ± 0.01 efg	77.50 ± 23.71 cd	5.05 ± 1.56 b-f	4.08 ± 1.33 efg
	20	0.33 ± 0.03 fg	81.00 ± 26.05 d	5.41 ± 1.57 def	3.73 ± 1.28 de
	40	0.30 ± 0.06 efg	56.00 ± 25.63 bc	3.64 ± 1.64 bc	2.44 ± 1.33 bc
	80	0.26 ± 0.05 b-g	23.00 ± 27.84 a	1.40 ± 1.88 a	1.06 ± 1.49 a
	100	0.23 ± 0.03 a-e	55.50 ± 26.77 bc	3.47 ± 1.81 b	2.00 ± 1.44 b
2	0	0.16 ± 0.00 a-d	75.00 ± 24.75 bcd	5.30 ± 1.79 c-f	4.19 ± 1.43 efg
	5	0.18 ± 0.03 ab	68.00 ± 26.32 bcd	4.73 ± 1.79 b-f	4.59 ± 1.45 g
	10	0.17 ± 0.03 a	76.50 ± 25.39 bcd	5.33 ± 1.78 c-f	4.57 ± 1.46 g
	20	0.19 ± 0.03 abc	76.50 ± 23.72 bcd	5.35 ± 1.76 c-f	4.25 ± 1.44 efg
	40	0.25 ± 0.09 a-f	65.00 ± 24.73 bcd	4.48 ± 1.72 b-f	3.38 ± 1.40 d
	80	0.34 ± 0.02 g	63.50 ± 23.69 bcd	4.13 ± 1.68 b-e	2.07 ± 1.38 b
	100	0.29 ± 0.01 d-g	63.50 ± 23.71 bcd	4.19 ± 1.64 b-e	2.77 ± 1.35 c
4	0	0.23 ± 0.03 a-e	52.50 ± 26.80 b	3.77 ± 1.66 bcd	4.31 ± 1.36 efg
	5	0.18 ± 0.06 ab	67.00 ± 24.19 bcd	4.87 ± 1.65 b-f	4.24 ± 1.35 efg
	10	0.20 ± 0.03 a-d	75.50 ± 23.69 bcd	5.55 ± 1.67 ef	4.22 ± 1.35 efg
	20	0.17 ± 0.03 a	69.00 ± 24.01 bcd	5.35 ± 1.72 c-f	4.10 ± 1.34 efg
	40	0.18 ± 0.03 abc	79.50 ± 24.02 cd	6.04 ± 1.74 f	3.83 ± 1.33 def
	80	0.21 ± 0.03 a-d	63.50 ± 23.69 bcd	4.65 ± 1.71 b-f	2.03 ± 1.33 b
	100	0.27 ± 0.09 c-g	56.50 ± 23.40 bc	4.10 ± 1.69 b-e	2.59 ± 1.31 bc

Values followed with the same letters at the same column are not significantly different at 95% confidence level, a < b < c < d < e < f < g.