Digital Engagement and Wellbeing: The Impact of Museum Digital Resources on User Wellbeing During COVID-19

Figures & data

Table 1. Table presenting museums used in this research.

Organization	Location	Website	Type of resource available
British Museum	UK	https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection	Large Online Collection
National Museum of Natural History	USA	https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/vt3/NMNH/	Virtual Tour
The Louvre	France	https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours	Virtual Tour
Acropolis Museum	Greece	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/acropolis-museum?hl = en	Virtual Tour and Limited Online Collection
Rijksmuseum	Netherlands	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/rijksmuseum	Virtual Tour, Large Online Collection and Online Exhibit
Tate Britain	UK	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/tate-britain	Virtual Tour, Limited Online Collection and Online Exhibit
The State Hermitage Museum	Russia	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-state-hermitage-museum?hl = en	Virtual Tour and Large Online Collection
National Gallery of Victoria	Australia	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/national-gallery-of-victoria	Limited Online Collection and Online Exhibit
The National Museum in Krakow	Poland	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-national-museum-in-krakow?hl = en	Virtual Tour, Limited Online Collection and Online Exhibit
The Metropolitan Museum of Art	USA	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-metropolitan-museum-of-art?hl = en	Virtual Tour, Large Online Collection and Online Exhibit
Tokyo National Museum	Japan	https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/tokyo-national-museum	Virtual Tour, Limited Online Collection and Online Exhibit

Figure 1. Bar graph showing number of digital visits to each museum.

Figure 2. Bar graph of mean percentage change in PANAS negative measures

Table 2. Table presenting significance (p-value), standard deviation, and range change of PANAS measures.

Measure	SD change	Range change	SD percentage change (%)	Significance (p-value)
Afraid	−0.417	1	−50.48	0.004
Upset	−0.459	1	−47.32	0.057
Guilty	−0.307	1	−41.32	0.039
Ashamed	−0.257	1	−38.59	0.219
Hostile	−0.314	1	−37.6	0.289
Nervous	−0.289	1	−28.67	0.013
Jittery	−0.268	0	−26.61	0.146
Enthusiastic	−0.27	1	−24.22	0.027
Inspired	−0.296	0	−22.19	0
Irritable	−0.206	1	−17.17	0.167
Interested	−0.144	1	−15	0.019
Distressed	−0.084	0	−8.89	0.227
Scared	−0.043	0	−6.29	0.219
Attentive	−0.056	1	−6.28	0.001
Active	−0.038	0	−3.5	0.115
Excited	−0.006	0	−0.54	0.004
Determined	0.013	0	1	0.503
Alert	0.016	0	1.55	0.052
Strong	0.044	0	4.17	0.629
Proud	0.095	0	7.86	0.383

Figure 3. Bar graph showing mean percentage changes in PANAS positive measures.

Figure 4. Bar chart presenting mean percentage change in MWS measures.

Table 3. Table presenting significance (p-value), standard deviation, and range change of MWS measures.

Measure	SD change	Range change	SD percentage change (%)	Significance (p-value)
Interested in the world around you	−0.478	0	−20.73	0
Happiness	−0.386	2	−15.59	0
Connectedness	−0.302	0	−11.42	0
Life satisfaction	−0.019	0	−0.85	0.022

Table 4. Table presenting the mean starting scores of in-person and digital PANAS measures.

Measure	Mean starting score in-person (5-point Likert scale)	Mean starting score digital (5-point Likert scale)
Strong	3.48	2.91
Determined	3.8	3.06
Proud	3.06	2.76
Active	4.07	2.82
Interested	4.3	3.56
Alert	3.56	2.97
Enthusiastic	3.88	3.29
Attentive	3.79	3.15
Excited	3.6	2.62
Inspired	3.52	2.91
Nervous	1.48	1.79
Upset	1.13	1.71
Afraid	1.19	1.5
Guilty	1.2	1.41
Irritable	1.51	2.12
Jittery	1.28	1.68
Hostile	1.22	1.38
Distressed	1.24	1.68
Ashamed	1.11	1.26
Scared	1.19	1.32

Table 5. Table presenting the mean starting scores of in-person and digital MWS measures.

Measure	Mean starting score in-person on 10-point Likert Scale	Mean starting score digital on 10-point Likert Scale
Connected	7.31	5.09
Happy	7.4	5.59
Satisfied	7.64	6.35
Interested	7.85	6.88