The effects of time-restricted feeding on lipid metabolism and adiposity

Figures & data

Table 1. Physiological Effects of Feeding a High-Fat Diet between Diet Induced Obesity (ad libitum access to food) and Time Restricted Feeding (8–12 hour access to food during active phase)

	Diet Induced Obesity^*	Time Restricted Feeding^*
Body weight	Greatly Increased	Same
Activity	Same	Same
Calories consumed	Same or Slightly greater	Same
Diurnal feeding pattern	Dampened	Strengthened (as part of protocol)
Whole body energy expenditure (VO2)	Same	Increased
Diurnal rhythms of Circadian Oscillators (e.g., Per2, Bmal1, Rev-erbα)	Dampened	Same
Insulin sensitivity	Decreased	Same
Leptin sensitivity	Decreased	Same
Motor coordination	Decreased	Increased
Body composition from fat (Adiposity)	Increased	Same
Adipose tissue	Hypertrophied	Same
Macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue	Present	Absent
Pro-inflammatory cytokines in white adipose tissue	Greatly Increased	Same
Hepatic steatosis	Present	Absent
Brown adipose tissue steatosis	Present	Absent
Fatty acid synthase activity	Slightly Increased	Decreased
Hepatic unsaturated fats	Greatly Increased	Mildly Increased
Stool bile acids	Same	Increased
Serum bile acids	Decreased diversity	Increased diversity

Note: * When compared to mice fed a normal chow diet ad libitum.

Figure 1. Bile acid signaling in mice fed a high-fat diet ad libitum or time-restricted feeding. The composition of the total bile acid pool is determined by the action of the liver (synthesis), the gut (reabsorption and excretion) and the gut microbiota (bile acids modification). Bile acids feedback on the liver and the gut regulate bile acids homeostasis and also influence their metabolic functions. They also act on the adipose tissue to regulate fat storage and utilization.