https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-8001
Figures & data
Table 1. Cancer immunotherapeutics approved by the FDA
Figure 1. Types of immunotherapies and their targets in the cancer-immunity cycle. Upon immunogenic cell death of cancer cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are recruited to the lesion where they uptake and present tumor antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells, triggering their differentiation into cytotoxic CD8+ T cells which, together with natural killer (NK) cells, eliminate cancer cells. Memory T cells are also generated during this process. Cancer cells may express immune checkpoint ligands contributing to T cell exhaustion. Immunotherapeutics (in red) can act at different levels of the (re)establishment of this anticancer immune response. DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; DC, dendritic cell; ICD, immunogenic cell death; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IFN, interferon; IFN-I, type 1 interferons; IL, interleukin; mAb, monoclonal antibody; TNF, tumor necrosis factor
Table 2. Clinical trials involving intratumoral immunotherapies started between January 2018 and June 2021
Figure 2. Types of intratumoral immunotherapy across recently initiated clinical trials. Pie chart depicting the proportion of each type of immunotherapeutic interventions in recently initiated clinical investigations. ICD, immunogenic cell death
