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Article

Building bridges between professionals – expectations and outcomes of participation in professional communities

专业化社区中建立专业预期和参与成果之间的桥梁

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Pages 338-355 | Received 15 Jan 2013, Accepted 01 Mar 2013, Published online: 24 May 2013
 

Abstract

This study illustrates the individual motivations and outcomes of professional community participation. The data for the study were collected using an online questionnaire, which was distributed among highly educated commercial professionals in various business areas. The questionnaire was composed of questions mapping attitudes and behaviors in professional communities. These data were analyzed using factor analysis and cluster analysis in order to define the underlying dimensions of professional communality and to form a typology of participants attending communal events and contributing to the knowledge of these communities.

On the basis of factor analysis of the data, 11 factors influencing community participation emerged. These were: identification, employer's attitude, social interaction ties, trust, altruism, knowledge power, time and effort, reciprocity, brand image versus identity, reputation and status, and knowledge self-efficacy. Furthermore, when applying cluster analysis to the data, four different participation profiles could be extracted based on these factors. These were named communal altruists, information brokers, strongly committed professionals, and social capital hoarders. These groups differ significantly due to their expectations of outcomes as well as their behaviors within professional communities.

过去的几十年期间,雇员对雇主的态度变得不那么忠诚。现如今,雇员的职业生涯全部献给一个雇主已非常罕见。相反的是,被雇员把雇主看作是职业生涯的垫脚石。这导致出现了一种情况,同龄人、同事和合作者的角色已经变得越来越重要 (Kajan, Koivisto & Mattila, 2012)。因此,其他专业的知识和技能被广泛利用,旨在工作中获得成功 (Bouty, 2000)。

借此,专业团体可以被视为对学习有价值的工具和专业环境中的知识创造。然而,当谈到知识共享时,先前的文献已指出一个著名的悖论。不同的研究人员测试了人们对这方面的动机。 例如,Wasko and Faraj (2005) 和 Wu and Sukoco (2010) 在他们文章的标题中都提出了‘为什么我应该分享?’。因为知识被公司视为宝贵的资源,对于个人知识又是重要权利的来源,所以探索人们愿意分享知识的原因非常重要。甚至,现在无论是在互联网中和互联网外都存在多种信息共享平台,而且信息被广泛地分享。

此研究的目的是通过剖析个人倾向分享和专业化社区收集信息之间的区别,深化对参与专业化社区的理解。这是第一次从知识共享的角度探讨参与专业化社区的主题。基于先前的研究,确定了专业化社区中知识共享的影响因素。 实证研究的部分揭示了专业化社区的基本组成要素。最后,以上要素被分类,目的是为了从研究中提取可能存在的社区定位。

研究数据使用网络调查问卷,主要来自不同领域受过高等教育的专业人士。数据分析使用了两种多变量分析方法。第一,使用因子分析为了限定专业化社区的基本组成要素。第二,聚类分析用于对组成要素进行分类,并确定不同类型的社区定位是否存在于高学历人士中

因子分子确定了11个专业化社区的影响因子。通过因子分子确定不同的影响因素后,对这些标准化的变量进行了K-means 聚类分析。根据分析,高学历专业人士中发现了四个不同的社区定位。这些参与概况包括以下几项:(1) 公用利他主义者, (2) 信息经纪人, (3)坚定地专业人士, 和 (4) 社会资本囤积者. 通过交叉表分析,四个社区的定位被进一步的解释。基于交叉表分析,结果发现,所提取的社区定位参与公共聚会有不同的目的。喜欢参与不同类型的专业化社区,以及他们如何在社区中共享知识都已得到确认。

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