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Articles

The effects of internal marketing on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Taipei sports centers

内部营销对台北运动中心员工工作满意度和企业认同感的作用

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Pages 206-222 | Received 11 Oct 2013, Accepted 22 Dec 2013, Published online: 19 Feb 2014
 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among internal marketing, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of employees in the context of the sports service industry. All employees of public sports centers in Taipei City participated in this study, and the data (n = 261) were subsequently analyzed. The results show that internal marketing has a positive influence on job satisfaction among employees, and that job satisfaction in turn has a positive influence on the organizational commitment of employees. Although a direct relationship between internal marketing and organizational commitment among employees was not found, a full mediation effect of job satisfaction between the factors was revealed. The findings of this study clarify the relationships and verify the mechanisms at work among internal marketing, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of employees. Academically, the study fills the gap in sports management literature regarding the role of internal marketing for sports services. The study also provides practical implications for sports center managers to implement internal marketing in sports centers, and thereby provide better-quality service for customers.

服务行业中高品质的顾客服务是现代市场中提高比较优势的一种途径 (Doyle, 1994)。普遍认为员工决定对顾客的服务品质 (Gummesson, 1987)。从公司雇员角度出发的内部营销是提升员工对顾客服务品质的途径。内部营销遵循企业应该按照对待内部顾客的方式对待、重视并尊重雇员,以此来吸引、拓展、鼓励并留住优秀雇员 (Berry & Parasuraman, 2000)。同时,内部营销有助于提高员工工作满意度和企业认同感,两者正是留住员工并促进企业在服务行业成功的重要因素 (Heskett & Schlesinger, 1994; Schneider & Bowen, 1993)。

虽然已经有大量文献研究服务行业中的内部营销,但在运动服务领域中队内部营销的研究却寥寥可数,仅有为数不多的研究探讨了内部营销在运用服务业的重要性(比如, Davis, 2005; Martinez, Stinson, & Jubenville, 2011; Seok, 2011)。其实,内部营销在运动中心的运用与在服务行业的运用同样重要。近来,私人健身中心竞争越来越激烈,台北运动中心面临着巨大的挑战。

本文旨在建立并测试将内部营销,工作满意度和员工企业认同感联系在一起的实验模型,以探究内部营销对台北运动中心员工工作满意度和企业认同感的影响。如上所述,尽管在运动领域此项研究还是刚刚开始,目前的研究成果对运动服务管理的研究具有启示作用。

通过文献研究,本文提出以下四个假设:假设1、内部营销对员工工作满意度起到积极作用;假设2、内部营销对员工企业认同感起到积极作用;假设3、工作满意度对员工企业认同感起到积极作用;假设4、工作满意度对员工内部营销和企业认同感的关系有调节作用。

本研究运用了调查法,参与者(n = 261)均来自于台北12个公共运动中心的员工。主要从内部营销,工作满意度和企业认同感三方面进行调查。调查采用五点里克特量表,测量范围从(1)非常不同意至(5)非常同意。数据通过验证性因子分析法(CFA)和结构方程模式(SEM)进行分析。

研究结果显示从内部营销到工作满意的路径在统计上显著。这说明员工对内部营销的积极态度与员工不断增强的工作满意度息息相关。因此,假设1是成立的。另外,工作满意度与企业认同感正向相关,所以假设3也同时成立。从内部营销到企业认同感的路径不显著,假设2不成立。工作满意度对内部营销和企业认同感具有调节作用,因此假设4成立。以上研究结果显示,以工作满意度为中介的模型呈最佳状态,相应地中介模型同样运用到此项研究。

本研究阐明了内部营销,员工的工作满意度和企业认同感的关系,同时证实了内部营销和企业认同感的工作机制。学术上,本研究填补了运动管理方面内部营销在运动服务中重要性研究的空白。本研究为运动中心管理者运用内部营销起到实际启示作用。例如,运动中心可以定期为员工举办工作坊或者培训课程进而促使员工为顾客提供更高品质的服务。

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