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Regular Articles

The effect of the valence of word-of-mouth on consumers’ attitudes toward co-brands: The moderating roles of brand characteristics

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Pages 89-108 | Received 31 Mar 2015, Accepted 11 Oct 2015, Published online: 13 Jan 2016
 

Abstract

Although Lovett et al. (Citation2013) demonstrated that brand characteristics simulate word-of-mouth (WOM) as WOM antecedents, there has been relatively little attention to understanding a moderating role of brand characteristics between WOM and consumers’ attitudes toward brands. Understanding the role of brand characteristics in WOM is critical for marketers and marketing scholars to maximize the impact of WOM in branding activities. The current study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of brand characteristics as a moderator between the WOM valence and consumers’ attitudes toward co-brands. The results revealed that with co-brand characteristics highly related to the social and emotional drivers, the favorable effect of positive WOM on consumers’ attitudes was significantly higher than that with co-brand characteristics less related to the social and emotional drivers. On the other hand, with co-brand characteristics less related to the social and emotional drivers, the negative effect of negative WOM on consumer’s attitude was significantly higher than that with co-brand characteristics highly related to the social and emotional drivers. The results indicate that marketers should make efforts to impress consumers by developing and emphasizing new co-brand characteristics associated with the social and emotional drivers.

口碑效价对消费者对联合品牌态度的影响:品牌特性的缓和作用

在最近的口碑调查中,口碑效价受到更多的重视。先前的研究表明口碑效价对满意度有十分强烈的影响,比再次购买意愿的满意度更有影响力。尽管在营销学中对口碑效价影响的探索有很多方面,但理解品牌特征对口碑效价结果的影响是相对具有局限性的。

Lovett,Peres和Shachar表明在做实证分析时,品牌特征是口碑的前例。他们说,消费者传播品牌的口碑以作为社会的、情感的和功能性驱动的结果。通过利用这些驱动,他们识别出一组13项刺激口碑的品牌特征。社会性驱动是给其他人发送关于个人专长、独立性或社会身份信号的欲望。加入口碑的社会动机有自我加强、表述的独立性和认知的欲望。情感性驱动是分享对品牌积极或消极的感受以平衡情感唤醒的需要。与情感性驱动相关的品牌特征是满意度和兴奋度。功能性驱动激起人们提供和供应出关于减少不确定性和危机的信息。受功能性驱动的品牌特征涉及亲密度、知识、认知的危机和涉入度。

尽管Lovett等人将三种驱动和品牌特征作为口碑的前例引入,我们认为这些驱动和品牌特征也可以影响与新联合品牌相关的口碑效价的结果。联合品牌又被称为品牌合作伙伴,是由两家公司形成战略联盟,共同合作创造市场协同效应。因为联合品牌是合伙品牌之间为了确认一个联合品牌认同的战略性联盟,因此消费者拥有的两个合作品牌的独立品牌特征间应该有互补物。举个例子,如果一个新的联合品牌确定了它的独立品牌特征,如高技术和组合两个合作品牌的溢价,那么其他消费者的看法(口碑)会对高社会驱动型消费者形成新联合品牌评估起到重要作用。本研究试着将他们的成果进行延伸,调查在口碑的心理效价和消费者对新联合品牌的态度之间这些品牌特征的调节作用。理解了消费者在口碑效价反应中的品牌特征的角色,对营销人士和营销研究者扩大口碑在联合品牌活动中的影响是很重要的。

结果如下,首先,消极的口碑影响消费者对新联合品牌的态度,超过积极的口碑带来的影响。其次,口碑效价和与社会情感驱动相关的品牌特征对消费者关于新联合品牌的态度转变的双向交互影响是显著的。积极口碑对消费者态度转变的正向影响,在社会和情感驱动的高水平联合品牌特征时高于在社会和情感驱动的低水平联合品牌特征时。另一方面,消极的口碑对消费者态度转变的消极影响,在社会和情感驱动的低水平联合品牌特征时高于在社会和情感驱动的高水平联合品牌特征时。这个结果也可以理解成高社会和情感驱动的消费者对通过搜索、接收口碑再加入高价高质、有创新性、与众不同的品牌的口碑中的需求满意。但是,尽管我们预期的是,与功能性驱动有关的品牌特征会与口碑效价的效应正向相关,但我们没有发现口碑效价和与消费者新联合品牌态度改变的功能性驱动相关的品牌特征之间任何重要的双向交互效应。事实上,在本研究中,与功能性驱动相关的品牌特征的分数要相对高于新联合品牌产品。因此,他们没有在口碑效价对消费者新联合品牌的态度转变的影响中扮演缓和的角色。第三,口碑效价和主品牌、联合品牌的关联匹配对消费者联合品牌态度转变的双向交互影响是显著的。在高关联匹配条件下,积极口碑比消极口碑更能影响消费者对新联合品牌的态度转变。但是,在低关联匹配条件下,消极口碑比积极口碑更能影响消费者对新联合品牌的态度转变。

目前的研究通过联合品牌特征和整体关联匹配影响新联合品牌相关的口碑效价这样深度理解的视角,对联合品牌研究领域做出了贡献。进一步地说,结果为联合品牌营销实践提供管理性的建议。

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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