Becoming active post-hospitalisation discharge – an exploration of motivational profiles during exercise change in obese patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Patients characteristics pre-hospitalisation and at the end of the 6-months post-discharge phase.

	Total (n = 262)	Female (n = 90)	Male (n = 172)
Demographics
Age (years)	46.53 ± 9.76	44.65 ± 11.24	47.5 ± 8.76
Higher education^a	23.8	20.2	25.9
Marital status/living with partner	69.1	64	71.9
Body measurements
Height (m)	1.75 ± .09	1.74 ± 9.5	1.75 ± 9.23
Weight (kg)	122.27 ± 22.7	112.98 ± 22.47	127.37 ± 21.27
Body mass index (kg/m^2) - pre-hospitalisation	40.3 ± 8.8	37.2 ± 8.36	41.8 ± 8.63
Body mass index (kg/m^2) - post-discharge	36.9 ± 10.11	33.2 ± 10.36	38.8 ± 9.47
Co-morbidity
Hypertension	67.6	64.8	69
Diabetes mellitus	30.1	20.5	35.1
Dyslipidemia	21.2	10.2	26.9
Orthopedic complaints	64.7	69.3	62.4
Bronchial asthma	3.5	6.8	1.8
Sleeping problems	7.7	9.1	7
Psychological/psychiatric disorders	8.1	19.3	2.3
Exercise behaviour
Weekly Leisure-Time Activity Score, pre-hospitalisation	16.3 ± 17.8	12.23 ± 14.85	18.25 ± 18.89
Weekly Leisure-Time Activity Score, post-hospitalisation	23.19 ± 17.81	20.94 ± 16.8	24.39 ± 18.34
Exercise change groups
Remaining inactive	45.9	55.7	40.8
Becoming inactive	8.9	10.2	8.3
Remaining active	17	6.8	21.9
Becoming active	28.2	27.3	29

Note: Data are given as mean ± SD or %. Pre-hospitalisation = previous to the 3-weeks inpatient obesity treatment; post-discharge = at the end of 6-months follow-up period post-discharge.

^aHigher education comprises vocational baccalaureate diploma, high school diploma, university degree.

Figure 1. Motivational profiles based on behavioural regulations for exercise 6 months post-discharge (M, SD). Moderate-controlled cluster: n = 80; Moderate-autonomous cluster: n = 78; High-autonomous cluster: n = 104.

Table 2. Differences between motivational profiles, socio-demographic variables, behavioural regulations and exercise change groups.

	Moderate-controlled cluster n = 80	Moderate-autonomous cluster n = 78	High-autonomous cluster n = 104	F/x^2	p	Partial η^2/V
Gender: % female	37.1	29.2	33.7	3.22		.11
Age	47.32 (8.42)	47.17 (9.54)	45.44 (10.81)	1.07		.01
Marital status/living with partner: %	29.8	27.1	43.1	3.23		.11
Education: % high education^a	13.8	26.9	29.1	6.49	.039	.16
Body Mass Index	41.41 (7.94)	40.04 (6.33)	38.92 (5.94)	3.06	.049	.02
Amotivation	2.96 (1.49)^b,c	1.81 (0.96)	1.71 (0.88)	32.29	<.001	.20
External regulation	2.74 (1.64)^b,c	1.24 (0.64)	1.27 (0.57)	56.91	<.001	.31
Introjected regulation	3.35 (1.55)^b,c	1.67 (0.97)^d	2.69 (1.73)	25.63	<.001	.17
Identified regulation	3.43 (1.48)^b,c	4.17 (1.23)^d	5.91 (0.75)	112.57	<.001	.47
Integrated regulation	2.42 (1.18)^c	2.64 (1.03)^d	5.38 (0.99)	227.86	<.001	.64
Intrinsic motivation	2.60 (1.31)^b,c	5.09 (1.22)^d	6.29 (0.82)	252.28	<.001	.66
Weekly activity score pre-hospitalisation	8.83 (13.76)^b,c	15.84 (18.15)^d	22.41 (18.20)	14.47	<.001	.10
Weekly activity score post-discharge	15.86 (15.50)^c	19.03 (15.59)^d	32.02 (17.46)	25.66	<.001	.17
Remaining inactive group (n = 119)	53 (44.5%)	43 (36.1%)	23 (19.3%)	22.36	<.001	.34
Becoming active group (n = 73)	19 (26%)	16 (21.9%)	38 (52.1%)

Note: Data are given as mean ± SD, % or absolute numbers.

^aHigh education comprises vocational baccalaureate diploma, high school diploma, university degree.

^bp < .05 Moderate controlled cluster vs. Moderate autonomous cluster.

^cp < .05 Moderate controlled cluster vs. High autonomous cluster.

^dp < .05 Moderate autonomous cluster vs. High autonomous cluster.

Figure 2. Differences between motivational profiles and exercise behaviour change groups. Moderate-controlled cluster: n = 80; Moderate-autonomous cluster: n = 78; High-autonomous cluster: n = 104.