Lack of reassurance after unexpected positive health risk feedback – an analysis of temporal dynamics

Figures & data

Figure 1. The multigroup structural equation model. Note: The identical model is simultaneously estimated in all groups, allowing for group differences. Due to model identification, measurement residuals can only be estimated for 1-month follow-up (FU1) and 6-months follow-up (FU6) and not for feedback (FB). Additionally, only the loading parameter of FU6 on the latent slope is estimated. All other loading parameters are fixed to unity (not depicted). I = Intercept; S = Slope.

Table 1. Goodness of fit coefficients of 2-group comparisons.

Model restrictions		χ^2		RMSEA		CFI	SRMR	χ^2 –contribution of group (−|+)
	Value	df	p	Value	90% CI
mean intercept, mean slope, loading parameter FU6	27.81	5	<.001	.127	[.084, .175]	0.855	0.166	25.31
mean intercept, mean slope	31.77	4	<.001	.157	[.109, .210]	0.824	0.151	27.95
mean intercept	27.42	3	<.001	.170	[.115, .231]	0.845	0.117	23.79
no restriction	3.92	2	.141	.058	[.000, .145]	0.988	0.039	2.48

Note: Model restrictions refers to the model parameters that have been set equal across the two groups. RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index; SRMR = standardised root mean square error; χ²-contribution unexpected positive feedback group (−|+): degree of misfit in this group (due to unequal sample sizes, model parameters depend more strongly on the expected positive feedback group (+|+) leading to a good fit in this group but to misfits in the smaller group).

Table 2. Parameter estimates of the unrestricted multigroup longitudinal model.

	Part A		Part B
	Group
	+|+	−|+	−|−	+|−
FU6 loading parameter (standardised loading parameter)	1.26 (1.18)	0.72 (0.43)	1.36 (0.97)	1.42 (0.96)
Means
I (Intercept)	2.05	2.92	3.26	2.63
S (Slope)	−0.31	−0.52	−0.22	−0.41
Variances
I (Intercept)	2.38	2.35	2.81	2.99
S (Slope)	1.01	0.76	1.21	1.01
Correlations
I with S	−.799*	−.896*	−.740*	−.872*

Note: Expected positive feedback (+|+), unexpected negative feedback (+|−), unexpected positive feedback (−|+), expected negative feedback (−|−), FU6 (6-months follow-up).

*p < .05.

Figure 2. Means of risk perception over time by feedback valence and pre-feedback expectations. Note: N = 1,055. Error bars show standard errors. Expected negative (−|−), unexpected positive (−|+), unexpected negative (+|−), and expected positive (+|+) feedback.