Group differences in health literacy are ameliorated in ehealth literacy

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of Respondents (N=819) on Demographic Characteristics.

	Total	Veteran Jews	Former FSU	PCI	χ^2 / F P value
	N=819	N=604	N=79	N=136
Variable
Age, in years (mean ± sd)	49.72 ± 17.00	50.39 ± 16.74	56.79 ± 19.68	42.5 ± 13.62	19.29	0.000
Gender, women, N (%)	424 (51.8)	304 (50.3)	51 (64.6)	69 (50.7)	5.73	0.57
Self-rated health, mean (SD)	3.97 (.98)	4.02 (.96)	3.62 (.87)	3.96(1.13)	5.47	0.004
Education					17.51	0.000
Elementary to full secondary, N (%)	368 (45.0)	284 (47.1)	18 (22.8)	66 (48.5)
Post-secondary, N (%)	450 (55.0)	319 (52.9)	61 (77.2)	70 (51.5)
Internet Use (Yes), N (%)	699 (73.3)	452 (74.8)	57 (72.2)	91 (66.9)	3.61	0.164

Figure 1. (A) Group differences in the indices of health literacy and eHealth literacy (n=627). (B) Group differences in the dimensions of health literacy and eHealth literacy (n=342).

Table 2. Intercorrelations between main variables.

1. Health literacy	–							3.23	.47
2. eHealth Literacy	.39***	–						3.41	.80
3. Physical Activity	.08*	-.02	–					2.91	1.29
4. Smoking	.07	.05	.08*	–				0.82	1.13
5. Health care Utilization	-.07*	-.01	.01	.03	–			1.64	.39
6. Internet search outcomes	.12*	.40***	.08	.09	.09	–		3.04	.89
7. Self-rated health	.33***	.13**	.17***	.05	.28***	0.4	–	4.17	.89

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

Table 3. Hierarchical Linear Regression on Self-rated Health, Healthcare Utilization and Perceived Outcomes of Internet Use; Testing Moderation by Group.

	Step 1			Step 2			Step 3
	B	SE B	$\text{β}$	B	SE B	$\text{β}$	B	SE B	$\text{β}$
Self-rated health (n=316)
Gender	−.22	.08	−.13**	−.18	.08	−.11*	−.18	.08	−.11*
Age	−.01	.01	−.23***	−.01	.01	−.25***	−.01	.01	−.25***
Education	.03	.02	.06	.02	.02	.04	.02	.02	.03
Group	−.03	.06	−.02	−.06	.06	−.05	−.10	.06	−.09
Health Literacy				.63	.11	.31***	.29	.23	.14
eHealth Literacy				.−04	.05	−.04	.02	.12	.02
Health literacy * group							.11	.07	.20
eHealth literacy * group							−.03	.06	−.06
Adjusted R^2	0.064			0.148			0.150
R^2 change				.088			.007
Healthcare utilization (n = 365)
Gender	.12	.04	.16**	.12	.04	.16**	.12	.04	.16**
Age	.00	.00	.04	.00	.00	.04	.00	.00	.04
Education	.01	.01	.03	.01	.01	.03	.01	.01	.03
Self-rated health	−.06	.02	.14*	−.06	.03	−.14*	−.06	.03	−.14*
Group	−.02	.03	.−05	−.02	.03	−.05	−.03	.03	−.05
Health Literacy				.01	.05	.01	−.05	.11	−.06
eHealth Literacy				.00	.03	.00	.07	.06	.16
Health literacy * group							.02	.03	.08
eHealth literacy * group							.−04	.03	−.17
Adjusted R^2	0.056			0.056			0.061
R^2 change				.000			.005
Perceived Outcomes of Internet Use (n=369)
Gender	.05	.09	.03	.02	.09	.11	.02	.09	.01
Age	−.01	.00	−.08	−.00	.00	−.00	.−00	.00	−.04
Education	.03	.03	.06	−.11	.02	−.02	−.01	.03	−.03
Group	.11	.07	.09	.09	.06	.07	.09	.07	.07
Health Literacy				−.09	.12	−.04	−.20	.25	−.09
eHealth Literacy				.47	.06	.41***	.65	.13	.57***
Health literacy * group							.04	.07	.06
eHealth literacy * group							−.11	.07	−.18
Adjusted R^2	0.020			0.171			0.177
R^2 change				.151			.006

Note: ***p<.05; ***p<.01; ***p<.001; R² change refers to added explained variance between the steps.