Effectiveness of a psychoeducational group intervention developed by primary care nurses on symptom control of pediatric patients with ADHD. ADHD parent study

Figures & data

Table 1. Description of the sample according to the relevance to intervention or control group (N = 48).

Sex (male), n (%)		Control (n = 32)	Intervention (n = 16)	p-value
		29 (90.6)	10 (62.5)	0.044
Clinical background, n (%)	Pregnancy	3 (9.7)	3 (21.4)	0.356
	Birth	4 (12.9)	3 (21.4)	0.659
	Development	7 (23.3)	3 (23.1)	1.000
	Traumatic	1 (3.3)	0 (0.0)	1.000
	Toxics	0 (0.0)	1 (6.7)	0.341
	Current medical problems	5 (19.2)	3 (20.0)	1.000
Social structure of the families of origin
Parent’s age, mean (SD)	Father	44.3 (6.6)	43.4 (6.0)	0.645
	Mother	41.7 (6.6)	40.3 (4.8)	0.452
Familiar structure, n (%)	Nuclear Family	22 (73.3)	8 (53.3)	0.390
	Single Parent	4 (13.3)	3 (20.0)
	Blended family	4 (13.3)	4 (26.7)
Siblings (median. IQR)	2 (1-3)	1.5 (1-3)	0.905*
Father’s educational level, n (%)	Without school / primary	14 (45.2)	5 (31.3)	>0.05**
	Middle school	7 (22.6)	3 (18.8)
	High school	9 (29.0)	3 (18.8)
	University studies	1 (3.2)	5 (31.3)
Mother’s educational level, n (%)	Without school / primary	14 (43.8)	5 (31.3)	>0.05**
	Middle school	7 (21.9)	0 (0.0)
	High school	5 (15.6)	6 (37.5)
	University studies	6 (18.8)	5 (31.3)
Parent full-time occupation, n (%)	Father	23 (79.3)	13 (86.7)	0.695
	Mother	12 (40.0)	7 (43.8)	0.970
Comorbidities, n (%)		16 (50.0)	10 (62.5)	0.413
Level of recognition or acceptance that children have of their own clinical condition
Interference awareness (1-10). mean (SD)	Social relationships	4.0 (3.9)	4.6 (3.9)	0.661
	Recognition of difficulty	6.6 (3.9)	7.8 (3.6)	0.349
	Recognition of dysfunction	5.5 (3.9)	6.3 (3.6)	0.513
Impact of ADHD
On sleep, n (%)	Insomnia	16 (53.3)	7 (46.7)	0.673
	Difficulty getting up	12 (41.4)	9 (60.0)	0.241
Practice sport, n (%)	Single	6 (20.0)	7 (43.8)	0.173
	Team	15 (50.0)	7 (43.8)
	Not	9 (30.0)	2 (12.5)
Use of screens, median (IQR)	TV hours (school days)	3 (1-5)	1 (0-5)	0.178
	Other non-TV hours (school days)	3 (1-10)	2(1-4)	0.117
	TV hours (weekends)	4 (2-6)	5 (2-6)	0.941
	Other non-TV hours (weekends)	3 (3-7)	3 (1-14)	0.825
Academic data, n (%)	Repetition of the academic year	5 (16.1)	3 (18.8)	1.000
	Curricular adaptation	16 (59.3)	7 (43.8)	0.324
	Learning difficulties	26 (83.9)	12 (80.0)	1.000
Actual treatment for ADHD, n (%)		23 (71.9)	14 (87.5)	0.293
T.O.V.A test
Response time variability (<80)		16 (50.0)	8 (50.0)	1.000
Response time		9 (28.1)	7 (46.7)	0.322
Mistakes made		9 (30.0)	5 (31.3)	1.000
Omissions		19 (59.4)	5 (31.3)	0.125
Attention Comparison Score (negatives)		22 (68.8)	9 (56.3)	0.393
Others tests
Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms, mean (SD)		29.0 (11.1)	30.1 (9.5)	0.754
Teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms, mean (SD)		29.9 (8.3)	27.5 (14.1)	0.546
KINDL children (8-12y), mean (SD)		55.7 (7.8)	59.4 (6.5)	0.134
KINDL parents (8-16y), mean (SD)		48.7 (11.6)	51.3 (6.4)	0.427
Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, mean (SD)		78.2 (16.6)	77.4 (6.2)	0.851
Knowledge about ADHD, mean (SD)		13.7 (4.2)	15.6 (3.8)	0.089
Knowledge about ADHD drugs, mean (SD)		4.04 (2.3)	5.87 (1.6)	0.010
School scores, mean (SD)		2.1 (0.4)	2.3 (0.4)	0.336

Table 2. Comparison between group control and intervention group post-intervention.

	Control (n = 32)	Intervention (n = 16)	p-value
T.O.V.A. test
Response time variability (<80), n (%)	9 (39.1)	6 (37.5)	0.918
Response time, n (%)	3 (12.0)	5 (31.3)	0.225
Mistakes made, n (%)	7 (28.0)	2 (12.5)	0.441
Omissions, n (%)	10 (40.0)	3 (18.8)	0.154
Attention Comparison Score (negatives), n (%)	14 (56.0)	7 (43.8)	0.444
Others tests
Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms, mean (SD)	26.2 (11.8)	29.6 (8.9)	0.344
Teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms, mean (SD)	22.8 (14.0)	20.9 (12.1)	0.695
KINDL children (8-12y), mean (SD)	56.3 (8.1)	57.8 (7.0)	0.553
KINDL parents (8-16y), mean (SD)	51.1 (6.1)	51.6 (7.8)	0.841
Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, mean (SD)	78.5 (13.5)	75.8 (10.4)	0.494
Knowledge about ADHD, mean (SD)	11.5 (7.3)	17.3 (5.5)	0.008
Knowledge about ADHD drugs, mean (SD)	4.5 (1.9)	6.1 (1.0)	0.005
School scores, mean (SD)	2.0 (0.4)	2.2 (0.5)	0.356

Table 3. Pre and post-intervention by inter-groups control and intervention.

	Group	n	Pre-intervention mean (SD)	Post-intervention Mean (SD)	p
TOVA scores
Time response variability	Total	41	80.1 (25.9)	87.2 (20.6)	0.057
	Control	25	81.0 (24.5)	86.2 (21.6)	0.191
	Intervention	16	78.9 (28.7)	88.7 (19.8)	0.179
Time response	Total	41	90.1 (18.8)	95.6 (15.8)	0.032
	Control	25	93.5 (18.8)	98.6 (15.4)	0.100
	Intervention	16	84.7 (18.0)	90.5 (15.7)	0.193
Mistakes made	Total	41	93.5 (18.9)	94.7 (24.4)	0.689
	Control	25	90.9 (18.3)	91.1 (24.6)	0.973
	Intervention	16	97.1 (19.7)	100.0 (23.9)	0.599
Control omissions	Total	41	74.9 (4.3)	81.8 (30.3)	0.190
	Control	25	68.9 (29.6)	76.8 (29.8)	0.274
	Intervention	16	84.3 (22.4)	89.7 (30.2)	0.495
Attention Comparison Score	Total	41	−1.8 (4.2)	−2.0 (9.9)	0.876
	Control	25	−1.9 (4.3)	−3.2 (12.4)	0.602
	Intervention	16	−1.6 (4.1)	−0.1 (3.4)	0.159
Tests
Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms	Total	37	29.4 (10.8)	27.5 (10.9)	0.213
	Control	22	29.2 (11.7)	26.0 (12.0)	0.075
	Intervention	15	29.6 (9.7)	29.6 (8.9)	1.000
Teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms	Total	26	26.3 (10.6)	21.6 (13.0)	0.029
	Control	14	28.6 (8.4)	23.1 (14.1)	0.131
	Intervention	12	23.6 (12.6)	9.8 (11.9)	0.094
KINDL children (8-12y)	Total	37	57.0 (7.4)	56.8 (7.6)	0.907
	Control	23	5.6 (7.7)	56.3 (8.1)	0.774
	Intervention	14	59.4 (6.5)	57.8 (7.0)	0.570
KINDL parents (8-16y)	Total	35	49.1 (10.7)	51.0 (6.6)	0.369
	Control	21	47.6 (12.7)	50.6 (5.8)	0.328
	Intervention	12	51.3 (6.4)	51.6 (7.8)	0.934
Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale	Total	41	76.8 (11.5)	77.3 (12.4)	0.861
	Control	25	76.5 (14.0)	78.2 (13.7)	0.664
	Intervention	16	77.4 (6.2)	75.8 (10.4)	0.556
Knowledge about ADHD	Total	45	14.6 (4.0)	13.8 (7.1)	0.449
	Control	29	14.0 (4.0)	11.9 (7.3)	0.182
	Intervention	16	15.9 (3.8)	17.3 (5.5)	0.179
Knowledge about ADHD drugs	Total	36	5.1 (2.1)	5.2 (1.6)	0.631
	Control	21	4.5 (2.2)	4.6 (1.7)	0.802
	Intervention	15	5.9 (1.6)	6.1 (1.0)	0.486
School scores	Total	26	2.2 (0.4)	2.0 (0.4)	0.002
	Control	15	2.2 (0.4)	1.9 (0.4)	<0.001
	Intervention	11	2.3 (0.4)	2.2 (0.5)	0.002

Data availability statement

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.