The implementation of behaviour change practices in Physical Activity Referral Schemes: a narrative review

Figures & data

Table 1. Topic based search terms and arrangement of Boolean operators for the narrative review.

Topic	Search terms
Implementation	Implement* OR fidelity OR deliver* OR translat* OR practice* OR utilis* OR use OR appl* OR evaluat* OR assessment OR compliance OR audit OR competence OR identification OR uptake OR improve* AND
Behaviour change practices	‘Behaviour change’ OR ‘motivational interviewing’ OR ‘physical activity counselling’ OR ‘physical activity coaching’ OR ‘delivery style’ OR ‘person centred’ OR ‘motivational communication’ OR ‘behaviour change theory’ OR interpersonal OR counselling OR CBT OR ‘cognitive behavioural therapy’ OR ‘patient centred’ OR ‘behavioural support’ OR ‘social support’ OR ‘goal setting’ OR ‘stages of change’ OR ‘transtheoretical’ AND
PARS	‘Exercise referral’ OR ‘exercise on referral’ OR ‘exercise on prescription’ OR ‘physical activity referral’ OR ‘physical activity prescription’ OR ‘exercise prescription’ OR ‘physical activity on prescription’ OR ‘GP referral’ OR ‘personal train*’ OR ‘exercise professionals’ OR fitness OR leisure OR ‘exercise is medicine’

Table 2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for citation screening.

Inclusion criteria
PARS
The label behaviour change must be included
Implementation must be discussed, or the focus of the research
Exclusion criteria
Medically led schemes
Multidisciplinary behaviour change schemes
PARS literature that did not include behaviour change practices
PARS literature that did not include implementation aspects of the research

Figure 1. The stages adopted during the integrative review.

The figure shows five regular shapes with a dotted line weaving its way through each shape to represent the different stages of the narrative review. The image highlights the steps undertaken to focus on a purpose, which then informed the search and retrieval of manuscripts, and culminated in data evaluation and presentation.

Figure 2. PRISMA flowchart outlining the study selection process based on relevance and ability to answer the research question.

The figure shows a range of boxes which signify how the retrieved manuscripts were trimmed for inclusion in the narrative synthesis. The left side of the figure has three stacked rectangles with the text written sideways representing the stages of the trimming process. There are five adjacent rectangle boxes providing information on the number of records screened, which decreases from top to bottom. Three further rectangle boxes are positioned to the right of these boxes and outline the number of records that were removed due to duplication or a lack of relevance.

Figure 3. A visual representation of the narrative synthesis element of the review.

The figure represents a summary of factors that influence the implementation of behaviour change practices in Physical Activity Referral Schemes. The centre of the image has a circle indicating successful implementation. There are six smaller circles arranged around the centre circle and they have colour coded segments to illuminate the role they play individually. The six circles have labels of practitioner, partnership, work environment, attendee, learning climate, and organisational factors. Each coloured segment also has subcategories that outline unique elements within each area of influence.