Perceptions and experiences of South Asian families living with frailty in England: a hermeneutic phenomenological study

Figures & data

Table 1. Inclusion/ exclusion criterion.

Older adult participants	Family member participants
Aged 60 years and older (due to the potential of developing more health problems and frailty)	Aged 18+
Self-identifying as living with frailty	Spouse, son, daughter, son/daughter in law, brother, sister, brother/sister in law, granddaughter/son, providing daily care or support to frail older family member.
Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi ethnicity (due to being the largest South Asian population groups residing in the West Yorkshire geographical region).	Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi ethnicity.
Residing in West Yorkshire	Residing in West Yorkshire
Ability to speak English/ Urdu/ Punjabi	Ability to speak English/ Urdu/ Punjabi
Ability to understand purpose of study	Ability to understand purpose of study
Capacity to provide informed consent	Ability to provide informed consent
Exclusion: Unable to understand purpose of study or provide informed consent following initial contact.	Exclusion: Unable to understand purpose of study or provide informed consent following initial contact.

Table 2. Braun & Clarke thematic analysis (2022) framework.

Familiarisation with data	First author familiarised themselves with the data by reading and rereading data; making notes.
Generate initial codes	First author assigned initial codes systematically across entire dataset; extracted data relevant to codes; discussion held of initial codes with co-authors; some codes discarded.
Search for themes	All authors assigned final codes and collaborated to search for and generate themes; gathered all data relevant to potential themes.
Review themes	All authors collectively reviewed themes relative to coded extracts and dataset to ensure consistency.
Define and name themes	Authors collaborated to refine and generate clear definitions of theme names in accordance to the review question.
Producing the report	Discussion held with all authors to select and offer final analysis of clear extract examples in relation to review question and literature; first author produced final report.

Table 3. Participant demographics.

Participants	Age	Gender	Ethnicity	Language	Religion
Older person	78	Female	Pakistani	Punjabi	Muslim
Older person	68	Female	Pakistani	Punjabi	Muslim
Older person	66	Female	Pakistani	Punjabi	Muslim
Older person	73	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Older person	69	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Older person	73	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Older person	68	Female	Indian	English	Sikh
Older person	65	Female	Pakistani	Punjabi	Muslim
Family carer (daughter)	34	Female	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Family carer (son)	45	Male	Indian	English	Sikh
Family carer (daughter)	60	Female	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Family carer (son)	69	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Family carer (daughter)	30	Female	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Family carer (son)	48	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Family carer (son)	42	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim
Family carer (son)	42	Male	Pakistani	English	Muslim