Disease burden of enterovirus 71 in rural central China: A community-based survey

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients infected with EV71 (%)

	HFMD*	Herpangina	Respiratory disease	Non-specific disease	Total
Sex
Male	202 (58.90)	4 (1.17)	11 (3.21)	6 (1.75)	223 (65.01)
Female	101 (29.44)	2 (0.58)	14 (4.08)	3 (0.87)	120 (34.99)
Age (months)
6–36	241 (70.26)	5 (1.46)	17 (4.96)	7 (2.04)	270 (78.72)
37–72	57 (16.62)	1 (0.29)	8 (2.33)	2 (0.58)	68 (19.82)
73–	5 (1.46)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	5 (1.46)
Disease severity
Severe	47 (13.70)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	47 (13.70)
Mild	256 (74.64)	6 (1.75)	25 (7.29)	9 (2.62)	296 (86.30)
Total	303 (88.34)	6 (1.75)	25 (7.29)	9 (2.62)	343(100.00)

* HFMD = hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Table 2. Direct medical and non-medical costs for EV71-related disease (Median (IQR))

		direct costs
Disease category	No.	Direct medical costs	Direct non medical costs	Indirect costs	Overall cost of illness	Percent of per capita net income* (%)
HFMD (severe)	47	1608.62 (1061.91–2255.61)	377.32 (237.84–668.62)	153.17 (98.47–188.11)	2149.47 (1650.90–3087.17)	112.30 (86.25–161.29)
HFMD (mild)	256	307.55 (98.06–421.02)	102.82 (59.92–164.96)	62.19 (35.54–88.84)	513.22 (232.15–683.06)	26.81 (12.13–35.69)
Herpangina	6	24.41 (14.75–47.04)	10.10 (3.04–21.29)	12.69 (6.84–22.29)	53.28 (36.91–79.10)	2.78 (1.93–4.13)
Respiratory disease	25	12.98 (4.87–18.47)	4.87 (1.01–15.57)	10.94 (5.36–20.98)	31.95 (17.31–50.58)	1.67 (0.90–2.64)
Non-specific disease	9	19.46 (5.81–198.58)	17.03 (3.64–88.88)	15.73 (4.10–52.69)	39.25 (28.64–338.54)	2.05 (1.50–17.69)
Total	343	319.42 (70.90–491.40)	105.10 (40.87–203.86)	62.19 (26.22–96.60)	535.39 (141.91–772.94)	27.97(7.41–40.38)
Kruskal-Wallis χ2		157.464	135.904	118.920	159.921	160.043
P value^#		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

* 1 US dollar = 6.1653 RMB (exchange rate on June 30, 2013). The per capital annual net income of local farmers per capita in Ganyu and Sheyang prefectures, respectively, were $1914.10 and $2121.55 in 2013.

^# Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous variables that were not normally distributed.

Table 3. The disease burden of EV71-related diseases (DALY per 1000 persons)

Disease category	Number	Mean DALY/1000 persons (95% CI)	F value	P value
HFMD (severe)	46	3.47 (2.71, 4.32)	9.772	<0.001
HFMD (mild)	233	1.76 (1.57, 1.99)
Herpangina	6	1.07 (0.44, 1.64)
Respiratory disease	24	1.44 (0.96, 1.96)
Non-specific disease	8	1.12(0.33, 2.14)
Total	317	1.96 (1.74, 2.12)