Understanding the role of the news media in HPV vaccine uptake in the United States: Synthesis and commentary

Figures & data

Figure 1. Google relative search volume trends (RSV) in the United States for the HPV, hepatitis B, varicella, and meningococcal conjugate vaccines from 2004 through 2015. 0 = average volume of search; 100 = 100 × average volume of search. RSV data were downloaded from Google Trends (www.google.com/trends). Weekly search data for the United States were retrieved using the terms “hpv vaccine,” “hepatitis b vaccine,” “varicella vaccine,” and “meningitis vaccine” from January 4, 2004 (the first date data are available) until September 19, 2015 (the last full week prior to manuscript preparation).

Table 1. Content Analyses of News Media Coverage of the HPV Vaccine from 2006–2011.

Study	Dates of Coverage	News Source	Methodology
Phase 1: Immediate Pre-/Post-licensure
Abdelmutti & Hoffman-Goetz (2009)^13	Jan 2006 – Dec 2007	The Globe and Mail, The National Post, The Toronto Star (Canada); The Wall Street Journal, USA Today (US)	Mixed methods (directed/quantitative CA)
Abdelmutti & Hoffman-Goetz (2010)^14	Jan 2006 – Dec 2007	Maclean's, Time Magazine Canada (Canada); Newsweek, Time (US)	Mixed methods (directed/quantitative CA)
Habel, Liddone, & Stryker (2009)^15	June 8, 2006 – Sept 26, 2006	Google News, Yahoo!News, CNN, MSNBC	Quantitative CA
Kelly, Leader, Mittermaier, Hornik, & Cappella (2009)^16	Dec 2005 – Nov 2006	18 highest circulating US newspapers, 4 broadcast networks, Associated Press	Quantitative CA
Krieger, Katz, Eisenberg, Heaner, Sarge,& Jain (2013)^17	2006	Newspapers in Appalachia and non-Appalachia Ohio counties	Quantitative CA
Wallace & Ache (2009)^30	2002 – 2007	Television news broadcasts (ABC, NBC, CNN, FOX)	Quantitative CA
Phase 2: 2006–2008
Casciotti, Smith, & Klassen (2014)^22	June 1, 2005 – May 31, 2009	13 US newspapers	Quantitative CA
Casciotti, Smith, Tsui & Klassen (2014)^23	June 1, 2005 – May 31, 2009	Top 10 circulating US daily newspapers and 3 regional US newspapers	Mixed methods (grounded theory/quantitative CA)
Casciotti, Smith, Andon, Vernick, Tsui,  & Klassen (2014)^21	June 1, 2005 – May 31, 2009	The Washington Post, The Houston Chronical, The Virginian Pilot, The Richmond Times Dispatch	Mixed methods (qualitative CA/quantitative CA)
Correa & Harp (2011)^24	Feb 2005 – Jan 2009	2 Virginia newspapers	Mixed methods (qualitative CA/quantitative CA)
Franklin Fowler, Gollust, Dempsey, Lantz, & Ubel (2012)^19	Jan 2006 – Dec 2007	USA Today, The New York Times, 2 local newspapers per state	Quantitative CA
Quintero Johnson, Sionean, & Scott (2011)^25	June 1, 2006 – Dec 21, 2007	Nationally representative sample of articles in major US newspapers	Quantitative CA
Phase 3: 2009–2015
Krakow & Rogers (2015)^26	Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011	Major US newspapers	Quantitative CA

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Casciotti DM, Smith KC, Andon L, Vernick J, Tsui A, Klassen AC. Print news coverage of School-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Mandates. J School Health 2014; 84:71-81; PMID:25099421; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12126

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Krakow M, Rogers B. Collateral damage and critical turning points: Public Health Implications of HPV Vaccine news coverage for boys and men in 2011. Health Commun 2015; in press

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