Fc or not Fc; that is the question: Antibody Fc-receptor interactions are key to universal influenza vaccine design

Figures & data

Figure 1. Possible mechanisms of influenza-specific ADCC. (A) Differential ability of HA-specific mAbs to mediate ADCC. Mabs targeting regions of influenza virus HA (stem or head region) have the ability to mediate ADCC (HAI⁻ head-specific mAbs or stem-specific mAbs), cannot mediate ADCC (HAI⁺ head-specific mAbs) or inhibit ADCC (HAI ⁺ head-specific with stem-specific mAbs). (B) Potential role of neutralizing and non-neutralizing (including ADCC-Abs) antibodies against seasonal influenza viruses that antigenically drift through influenza seasons. High concentractions of neutralizing antibodies against seasonal influenza virus entry before infection is established, such as following "matched" seasonal influenza vaccination or homologous influenza control of virus infection. Moderate neutralization and cross-reactive non-nuetralizing antibodies may lead to some infection but provide rapid control of virus infection and clearance, as maybe the case following vaccine miss-match or heterologous influenza infection. Low neutralizing and high cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies may not prevent influenza virus infection but reduce the severity of influenza infection.