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Review

A review of the value of quadrivalent influenza vaccines and their potential contribution to influenza control

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Pages 1640-1652 | Received 31 Jan 2017, Accepted 25 Mar 2017, Published online: 24 May 2017

Figures & data

Figure 1. The evaluation of influenza viruses and vaccine development. Information from Hannoun et al.Citation8 and McCullers et al.Citation97 *Asian influenza pandemic caused by the shifted A/H2N2 strain and Hong Kong influenza pandemic caused by the shifted A/H3N2 strain: both examples of A-strain shift through reassortment (sharing) of genetic material. LAIV = live-attenuated trivalent influenza vaccine; TIV = trivalent influenza vaccine; QIV = quadrivalent influenza vaccine; WHO = World Health Organization.

Figure 1. The evaluation of influenza viruses and vaccine development. Information from Hannoun et al.Citation8 and McCullers et al.Citation97 *Asian influenza pandemic caused by the shifted A/H2N2 strain and Hong Kong influenza pandemic caused by the shifted A/H3N2 strain: both examples of A-strain shift through reassortment (sharing) of genetic material. LAIV = live-attenuated trivalent influenza vaccine; TIV = trivalent influenza vaccine; QIV = quadrivalent influenza vaccine; WHO = World Health Organization.

Figure 2. Results of the literature search (30 October 2016). Search string: “(Quadrivalent OR tetravalent) (influenza vaccine OR flu vaccine) (cost OR burden OR epidemiology OR death OR mortality OR illness OR hospitalisation OR hospitalization)” No limits applied.

Figure 2. Results of the literature search (30 October 2016). Search string: “(Quadrivalent OR tetravalent) (influenza vaccine OR flu vaccine) (cost OR burden OR epidemiology OR death OR mortality OR illness OR hospitalisation OR hospitalization)” No limits applied.

Table 1. Summary of QIV modeling data in different countries: results from a review of the literature.

Table 2. Current recommendations for influenza vaccination using quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines (QIVs).