Challenges and opportunities for meningococcal vaccination in the developing world

Figures & data

Figure 1. Impact of MenAfriVac on the incidence of MenA in areas of the meningitis belt that introduced the vaccine. Starting in 2010, the meningococcal A conjugate vaccine was introduced progressively in the 26 countries in the African meningitis belt that included: Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo, Benin, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya. Only 10 countries were reporting data consistently to the WHO since 2004, these countries included Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Togo.^28,29,38

Figure 2. Map showing the endemic rates of IMD in developing countries and serogroups distribution in developed and developing countries. The most recent available data on incidence and serogroups distribution was used.^{1,35,40-42,65-83}

Table 1. Available meningococcal vaccines.^35,105-110

Type	Formulation	Serogroups	Trade name	Manufacturer	Carrier protein	Age group approved
Polysaccharide	MPSV-4	A-C-W-Y	Menomune	Sanofi Pasteur	—	≥ 2 y – 65 y
	MPSV-4	A-C-W-Y	Mencevax	GSK*	—	≥ 2 y
		A-C-W	MencevaxACW	GSK*	—	≥ 2 y
		A-C-W	MenVax ACW	Bio-Manguinhos	—	≥ 2 y
		A-C	Men AC	Sanofi-Pasteur	—	≥ 2 y
Conjugate	MenACWY-DT	A-C-W-Y	Menactra	Sanofi-Pasteur	DT	9 mo – 55 y
	MenACWY-CRM	A-C-W-Y	Menveo	Novartis	CRM^197	2 mo – 55 y
	MenACWY-TT	A-C-W- Y	Nimenrix	GSK*	TT	≥ 6 w
	Hib-MenCY-TT	C-Y	MenHibrix	GSK*	TT	6 w -18 mo
	MCC-TT/Hib-TT	C	Menitorix	GSK*	TT	≥ 6 w – 2 y
	MCC-CRM	C	Menjugate	GSK*	CRM^197	≥ 6 w – 65 y
	MCC-CRM	C	Meningitec	Pfizer	CRM^197	≥ 6 w – 65 y
	MCC-TT	C	NeisVac-C	Baxter Healthcare	TT	≥ 8 w – 65 y
	PsA-TT	A	MenAfriVac	SIIL^#	TT	3 m – 29 y
Protein	MenB-4C	B	Bexsero	Novartis	—	2m-25 y
	MenB-FHbp	B	Trumenba	Wyeth	—	10–25 y

GSK, GlaxoSmithKline; SIIL, Serum Institute of India Ltd, India.

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