Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical trials for oral immunization.

Type of vaccine	Sponsor institution	Stages	Clinical registration	Time
Live attenuated Shigella vaccine	University of Maryland	Phase 1	NCT01531530	2012
Live attenuated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine	TD Vaccines A/S	Phase 1	NCT00901654	2009
Live attenuated typhoid vaccine	International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh	Phase 2	NCT01019083	2009
Live attenuated cholera vaccine	International Vaccine Institute	Phase 2	NCT00741637	2008
Live attenuated Shigella sonnei vaccine	NIAID	Phase 1	NCT01336699	2011
Live attenuated Salmonella vaccine	University of Maryland	Phase 1	NCT01129453	2010
Live attenuated Shigell a vaccine	PATH	Phase 1,	NCT02934178,	2016
		Phase 1	NCT01813071	2013
Live attenuated HRV vaccine	National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam	Phase 2	NCT01377571^69	2011
Live attenuated typhoid fever vaccine	Avant Immunotherapeutics	Phase 2	NCT00498654	2007
Live attenuated ETEC–cholera vaccine	NIAID	Phase 1	NCT00654108^70	2008
Adenoviral Norovirus vaccine	Vaxart, Inc.	Phase 1,	NCT02868073,	2016
		Phase 1	NCT03125473	2017
Adenoviral influenza vaccine	Vaxart, Inc.	Phase 1,	NCT02547792,	2015
		Phase 1	NCT01688297^71	2012
Adenovirus vaccine	PaxVax, Inc.	Phase 1	NCT03160339	2017
Replication-competent adenovirus HIV vaccine	PaxVax, Inc.	Phase 1	NCT02771730	2016
Replicating Ad26-vectored HIV-1 vaccine	International AIDS Vaccine Initiative	Phase 1	NCT02366013	2015
Adeonoviral RSV vaccine	Vaxart	Phase 1	NCT02830932	2016
Inactivated cholera vaccine	International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh	Phase 1	NCT01019083	2009
Inactivated polio vaccine	Bilthoven Biologicals	Phase 3	NCT02766816	2016
Inactivated Shigella vaccine	PATH	Phase 1	NCT01509846	2012
Inactivated cholera vaccine	International Centre for	Phase 2,	NCT02742558,	2016
	Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh	Phase 1/2	NCT02823899	2016
Inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine	U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command	Phase 3	NCT02556996	2015
Inactivated Vibrio cholerae vaccine	EuBiologics Co.,Ltd	Phase 1	NCT01707537^72	2012
Live attenuated/inactivated cholera vaccine	University of Maryland	Phase 2	NCT02145377	2014
Recombinant Helicobacter pylori vaccine	Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	Phase 3	NCT02302170^73	2014
HIV-1 MN peptide vaccine	NIAID	Phase 1	NCT00000798	2001
Avian influenza DNA vaccine	Vaxart	Phase 1	NCT01335347^74	2011

HRV, human rotavirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; ETEC, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Table 2. Clinical trials for intranasal immunization.

Type of vaccine	Sponsor institution	Stages	Clinical registration	Time
Live attenuated RSV/PIV3 vaccine	MedImmune LLC	Phase 1	NCT00345670^133	2006
		Phase 1/2	NCT00767416^134	2008
		Phase 1	NCT00493285^135	2007
		Phase 1/2	NCT00686075^136	2008
Live attenuated influenza vaccine	Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention	Phase 1	NCT02665871	2016
Live attenuated influenza vaccine	MedImmune LLC	Phase 1 Phase 2	NCT00112112 NCT00344305	2005
				2006
Live attenuated influenza vaccine	PATH Vaccine Solutions	Phase 2	NCT01625689	2012
Live attenuated influenza vaccine	University of Colorado, Denver	Phase 2	NCT02474901	2015
Live attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine	GRIEMHMRF	Phase 1	NCT03137927	2017
Unmodified live attenuated Sendai virus vaccine	St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	Phase 1	NCT00186927	2005
Live attenuated B. pertussis vaccine	Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France	Phase 1, Phase 1	NCT01188512,^137-139 NCT02453048	2010 2015
Adenovirus-vectored influenza vaccine	Altimmune, Inc.	Phase 1	NCT00755703	2008
Adenovirus vaccine	NINAD	Phase 1	NCT01806909	2013
Live attenuated/inactivated influenza vaccine	St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	Phase 1	NCT00906750	2009
Inactivated influenza virus vaccine	NanoBio	Phase 1, Phase 1	NCT01333462, NCT01354379	2011
	Corporation			2011
Inactivated influenza vaccine	MedImmune LLC	Completed	NCT00808808	2008
RSV subunit vaccine	Mucosis BV	Phase 1	NCT02958540	2016
Pneumococcal subunit vaccine	Genocea Biosciences, Inc.	Phase 2	NCT02116998	2014
HIV gag peptides vaccine	Oslo University Hospital	Phase 1/2	NCT01473810^140	2011
Recombinant RSV vaccine	Bavarian Nordic	Phase 1	NCT02864628	2016
Norwalk virus-like particle vaccine	Takeda	Phase 1/2	NCT00973284^141	2009
Norwalk virus-like particle vaccine	LigoCyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Phase 1	NCT00806962^142	2008
Liposomal-based influenza vaccine	Hadassah Medical Organization	Phase 1/2	NCT00197301	2005
Proteosome-adjuvanted influenza vaccine	Hvivo	Phase 1/2	NCT02522754^143	2015

RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; PIV3, parainfluenza virus type 3; GRIEMHMRF, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation.

Table 3. Clinical trials for transcutaneous immunization.

Type of vaccine	Sponsor institution	Stages	Clinical registration	Time
Inactivated influenza vaccine	Georgia Institute of Technology	Phase 1	NCT02438423^198	2015
Inactivated influenza vaccine	The University of Hongkong	Phase 1	NCT01049490	2010
Inactivated influenza vaccine	NanoPass Technologies Ltd	Phase 1	NCT00558649	2007
Inactivated influenza vaccine	The University of Hong Kong	Phase 1	NCT01304563	2011
Inactivated influenza vaccine	Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris	Phase 1/2	NCT01707602	2012
Hepatitis B vaccine	The University of Hongkong	Phase 2/3	NCT02621112	2015
Varicella zoster virus vaccine	The University of Hongkong	Phase 1	NCT02329457	2014
Inactivated polio vaccine	Eastern Virginia Medical School	Phase 2	NCT01686503	2012
Fluzone intradermal vaccine	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases	Phase 1	NCT01518478	2012

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