Seroepidemiology of varicella in Hangzhou, China in the vaccine era

Figures & data

Table 1. Seroepidemiology of VZV IgG in children among various groups via univariate analysis.

		Vaccination (n = 627)					No Vaccination (n = 268)
Groups	Total (n,%)	Total (n,%)	Positive (n,%)	P-values	GMC(mIU/ml)	P-values	Total (n,%)	Positive(n,%)	P-values	GMC(mIU/ml)	P-values
District		χ^2 = 27.688, P<0.001		Fisher χ^2 = 7.364, P = 0.007		t = 3.706, P<0.001			Fisher χ^2 = 0.891, P = 0.374		t = −0.902, P = 0.368
urban	411	252(61.31)	186(73.81)		5.44 ± 1.75		159(38.69)	93(58.49)		5.07 ± 2.15
rural	484	375(77.48)	238(63.47)		4.92 ± 1.72		109(22.52)	70(64.22)		5.31 ± 2.21
Gender		χ^2 = 0.724, P = 0.395		Fisher χ^2 = 5.241, P = 0.025		t = −2.232, P = 0.026			Fisher χ^2 = 4.650, P = 0.042		t = −1.544, P = 0.124
male	505	348(68.91)	222(63.79)		4.99 ± 1.70		157(31.09)	87(55.41)		4.99 ± 2.15
female	390	279(71.54)	202(72.4)		5.30 ± 1.80		111(28.46)	76(68.47)		5.41 ± 2.20
Age(years)		χ^2 = 98.478, Pfor trend<0.001		χ^2 = 15.261, Pfor trend = 0.695		F = 2.419, P = 0.008			χ^2 = 26.745, Pfor trend = 0.002		F = 3.885, P<0.001
1∼	110	95(86.36)	62(65.26)		4.73 ± 1.65		15(13.64)	6(40)		4.00 ± 1.60
2∼	143	103(72.03)	80(77.67)		5.36 ± 1.62		40(27.97)	19(47.5)		4.16 ± 2.01
3∼	120	83(69.17)	57(68.67)		5.28 ± 1.63		37(30.83)	26(70.27)		5.28 ± 1.88
4∼	70	55(78.57)	33(60)		4.91 ± 1.82		15(21.43)	6(40)		4.26 ± 1.80
5∼	68	60(88.24)	36(60)		4.65 ± 1.55		8(11.76)	3(37.5)		3.81 ± 1.41
6∼	71	60(84.50)	37(61.67)		4.92 ± 1.84		11(15.49)	7(63.64)		4.77 ± 2.18
7∼	70	51(72.86)	39(76.47)		5.65 ± 1.76		19(27.14)	8(42.11)		5.32 ± 2.50
8∼	60	39(65)	22(56.41)		5.07 ± 1.96		21(35)	13(61.90)		5.65 ± 2.43
9∼	60	32(53.33)	25(78.13)		5.36 ± 1.80		28(46.67)	22(78.57)		6.20 ± 2.24
10∼	60	27(45)	17(62.96)		5.32 ± 2.03		33(55)	19(57.58)		5.14 ± 1.99
11∼14	63	22(34.92)	16(72.73)		5.95 ± 1.91		41(65.08)	34(82.93)		6.17 ± 2.13
Total	895	627(70.06)	424(67.62)		5.13 ± 1.75		268(29.94)	163(60.82)		5.17 ± 2.18

Table 2. Association of seroepidemiology of VZV IgG and related variables via multivariate analysis.

The dependent variable	The independent variables	OR (95% CI)	P-values
Positive rates of VarV = y^a	Gender
	male	1
	female	1.587(1.166,2.159)	0.003
	Age(years)	1.119(1.049,1.193)	0.003
	Immunization history
	no	1
	yes	4.075(2.108,7.877)	<0.001
	Vaccination age	0.751(0.604,0.934)	0.043
	Years after Vaccination	0.909(0.831,0.995)	0.043
GMC (mIU/ml) of VarV = y^b	District
	urban	1
	rural	0.762(0.593,0.979)	0.003
	Gender
	male	1
	female	1.384(1.083,1.766)	0.009
	Age(years)	1.170(1.106,1.239)	<0.001
	Immunization history
	no	1
	yes	2.593(1.473,4.563)	0.001
	Vaccination age	0.815(0.674,0.986)	0.035
	Years after Vaccination	0.908(0.842,0.979)	0.012

^a Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between the changes of the rate of VZV IgG seropositivity and the related factors.

^b Linear regression was used to analyze the associations between the changes of the GMC levels and the related factors.

Table 3. The rates of VZV IgG seropositivity and the GMC for VZV IgG after the 2nd dose immunization of VarV among various groups.

Groups	The rates of VZV IgG seropositivity before the 2nd dose immunization (n,%)	The rates of VZV IgG seropositivity after the 2nd dose immunization (n,%)	Statistics,P-values	GMC (mIU/ml) before the 2nd dose immunization	GMC (mIU/ml) after the 2nd dose immunization	Statistics, P-values
Gender	Fisher χ^2 = 0.729, P = 0.522	Fisher χ^2 = 0.739, P = 1.000		t = −0.555, P = 0.580	t = 0.372, P = 0.711
Male(52)	24(46.15)	51(98.08)	Fisher χ^2 = 34.858, P<0.001	4.36 ± 1.54	6.62 ± 1.21	t = −10.704, P<0.001
Female(38)	21(55.26)	38(100)	Fisher χ^2 = 21.898, P<0.001	4.55 ± 1.71	6.52 ± 1.05	t = −8.766, P<0.001
age(years)	χ^2 = 0.267, Pfor trend = 0.797	χ^2 = 2.022, Pfor trend = 0.221		F = 0.078, P = 0.925	F = 4.582, P = 0.013
4∼(30)	15(50.00)	29 (96.67)	Fisher χ^2 = 16.705, P<0.001	4.45 ± 1.66	6.30 ± 1.06	t = −6.154, P<0.001
5∼(30)	16(53.33)	30 (100)	Fisher χ^2 = 18.261, P<0.001	4.36 ± 1.23	6.37 ± 1.09	t = −9.579, P<0.001
6∼(30)	14(46.67)	30 (100)	Fisher χ^2 = 21.818, P<0.001	4.52 ± 1.90	7.07 ± 1.13	t = −9.261, P<0.001
Interval years between 2 doses of VarV	χ^2 = 2.211, Pfor trend = 0.850	χ^2 = 5.490, Pfor trend = 0.630		F = 0.409, P = 0.747	F = 1.966, P = 0.125
2∼(24)	12(50)	24(100)	Fisher χ^2 = 16.000, P<0.001	4.57 ± 1.78	6.32 ± 1.09	t = −4.776, P<0.001
3∼(14)	6(42.86)	13(82.86)	Fisher χ^2 = 8.023, P = 0.013	4.04 ± 0.90	6.36 ± 1.19	t = −6.709, P<0.001
4∼(32)	19(59.38)	32(100)	Fisher χ^2 = 16.314, P<0.001	4.43 ± 1.21	6.55 ± 0.99	t = −10.407, P<0.001
5∼(20)	8(40)	20(100)	Fisher χ^2 = 17.143, P<0.001	4.61 ± 2.27	7.08 ± 1.27	t = −7.068, P<0.001
Total(90)	45(50)	89(98.89)	Fisher χ^2 = 56.535, P<0.001	4.44 ± 1.61	6.58 ± 1.14	t = −13.844, P<0.001

Figure 1. The rates of VZV IgG seropositivity and the GMC for VZV IgG in children by age groups.

Guillen JM, Gil-Prieto R, Alvaro A, Gil A. Burden of adult varicella hospitalizations in Spain (2001–2007). Hum Vaccin. 2010;6(8):659–63. doi:10.4161/hv.6.8.12014. PMID:20523119

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