Determinants of influenza vaccination among a large adult population in Quebec

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of respondents aged ≥60 according to vaccination status, Eastern Townships, 2014.

	Adults ≥60 years (n = 2,880) n (%)	Vaccinated against influenza (n = 1,590) n (%)	Unvaccinated against influenza (n = 1,283) n (%)	p-value
Sex Female	1,536 (53.3)	868 (54.6)	664 (48.2)	0.134
Age 60–69 years 70–79 years ≥80 years	1,689 (58.7) 858 (29.8) 332 (11.5)	809 (50.9) 553 (34.8) 228 (14.3)	877 (68.4) 304 (23.7) 102 (8.0)	<0.001
Place of residence Sherbrooke	1,449 (50.3)	832 (52.3)	611 (47.7)	0.013
Education level High school or less College University	1,281 (44.9) 682 (23.9) 887 (31.1)	706 (44.9) 362 (23.0) 505 (32.1)	571 (45.0) 319 (25.1) 380 (29.9)	0.305
Annual household income (before income taxes) <$30,000 $30,000-$79,000 ≥$80,000	1,035 (38.1) 1,270 (46.8) 409 (15.1)	538 (35.9) 722 (48.2) 238 (15.9)	493 (40.7) 546 (45.1) 171 (14.1)	0.033
Language spoken at home French	2,634 (91.5)	1,434 (90.2)	1,194 (93.1)	0.006
Household composition Couple (with or without children) Person living alone Other (single-parent family, multiple families, roommates)	1,559 (54.2) 1,148 (39.9) 167 (5.8)	880 (55.5) 620 (39.1) 87 (5.5)	678 (53.0) 523 (40.9) 79 (6.2)	0.376

Table 2. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of respondents aged 18 to 59 years old with ≥1 chronic condition, according to vaccination status, Eastern Townships, 2014.

	Adults aged 18–59 with ≥1 chronic condition (n = 1,740) n (%)	Vaccinated against influenza (n = 560) n (%)	Unvaccinated against influenza (n = 1,181) n (%)	p-value
Sex Female	875 (50.3)	303 (54.1)	572 (48.5)	0.028
Age 18–29 years 30–39 years 40–49 years 50–59 years	340 (19.6) 280 (16.1) 419 (24.1) 701 (40.3)	95 (17.0) 90 (16.1) 119 (21.3) 255 (45.6)	245 (20.7) 190 (16.1) 300 (25.4) 446 (37.8)	0.011
Place of residence Sherbrooke	954 (54.8)	319 (57.0)	634 (53.7)	0.205
Education level High school or less College University	614 (35.4) 567 (32.7) 554 (31.9)	160 (28.7) 177 (31.8) 220 (39.5)	454 (38.5) 390 (33.1) 335 (28.4)	<0.001
Annual household income (before income taxes) <$30,000 $30,000-$79,000 ≥$80,000	445 (26.5) 791 (47.0) 445 (26.5)	121 (22.3) 233 (42.9) 189 (34.8)	324 (28.5) 557 (49.0) 256 (22.5)	<0.001
Language spoken at home French	1,647 (94.6)	519 (92.8)	1127 (95.4)	0.026
Household composition Couple (with or without children) Person living alone Other (single-parent family, multiple families, roommates)	1,061 (61.2) 365 (21.0) 309 (17.8)	359 (64.3) 118 (21.1) 81 (14.5)	702 (59.6) 248 (21.1) 228 (19.4)	0.041

Table 3. Determinants of influenza vaccination among adults ≥60 years and adults aged 18 to 59 with ≥1 chronic condition, Eastern Townships, 2014.

	Adults ≥60 years (n = 2,290) a OR [95% CI]	Adults aged 18–59 with ≥1 chronic condition (n = 946) a OR [95% CI]
Perceived necessity about general vaccination
Belief that use of alternative medicine practices cannot eliminate the need for vaccination	1.55 [1.08-2.22]	1.18 [0.70-2.01]
Perceived vulnerability about the flu
Belief that I consider myself at risk of catching the flu	2.65 [2.02-3.47]	1.68 [1.16-2.44]
Perceived severity about the flu
Belief that catching the flu causes severe health complications	1.40 [1.01-1.94]	1.65 [1.09-2.51]
Belief that catching the flu prevents me from doing my daily activities	0.76 [0.54-1.08]	0.57 [0.36-0.88]
Vaccine risks about the flu
Belief that influenza vaccine cannot cause the flu	2.56 [1.96-3.34]	1.27 [0.89-1.82]
Belief a person vaccinated against the flu has little risk of getting this disease	1.94 [1.46-2.58]	1.27 [0.86-1.86]
Vaccine benefits about the flu
Belief that influenza vaccine causes few side effects	2.32 [1.73-3.10]	2.75 [1.86-4.06]
Belief that getting vaccinated against the flu prevents its transmission to family and relatives	1.54 [1.14-2.08]	2.11 [1.42-3.15]
Attitude towards general vaccination
Being favorable to vaccination in general	2.28 [1.69-3.07]	2.15 [1.39-3.34]
Subjective norm about the flu
Having received a recommendation from a healthcare professional to get the flu vaccine	5.82 [4.43-7.66]	4.20 [2.97-5.95]
Healthcare professionals consultations in the last 12 months Conventional medicine
Having consulted a family doctor	1.48 [1.03-2.12]	1.03 [0.70-1.54]
Having consulted a nurse	1.35 [1.01-1.82]	—
Alternative medicine
Having consulted a chiropractor	0.42 [0.19-0.92]	—
Health status/Life habits
BMI ≥30kg/m	1.34 [0.96-1.86]	1.63 [1.12-2.38]
Self-perceived poor health status	1.45 [1.01-2.06]	—
Excessive alcohol consumption (≥5 alcoholic drinks on one occasion per week)	—	0.47 [0.25-0.89]
Smoking cigarettes	0.56 [0.39-0.82]	0.87 [0.58-1.30]
Demographic and socioeconomic variables
Being retired	1.63 [1.17-2.27]	—
Being a healthcare professional	—	3.08 [1.67-5.66]

¹ Multivariate model adjusted for other variables significantly associated to influenza vaccination in univariate analyzes (knowledge about general vaccination, perceived necessity about general vaccination, consultation with a specialist, a nutritionist, a pharmacist, an acupuncturist and an osteopath, suffering from a chronic disease, trust in public health authorities, place of residence, language spoken at home, birth country and household income.

² Multivariate model adjusted for other variables significantly associated to influenza vaccination in univariate analyzes (knowledge about general vaccination, perceived necessity about general vaccination, consultation with a massage therapist, fruits and vegetables consumption, trust in public health authorities, sex, age group, language spoken at home, birth country, family status, education level and household income.

Variables presenting dashes (–) instead of aOR were not significant in univariate analysis and were therefore not included in the adjusted model.

* p < 0.05,

** p < 0.01,

*** p < 0.001