HPV vaccination acceptability among men who have sex with men in Urumqi, China

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics among 458 MSM in Urumqi, China.

Demographic Characteristics	HIV(-)	HIV(+)	P value	ALL
	n (%)	n (%)		n (%)
Age group (years)			0.002
≤ 29	103(40.7)	51(24.9)		154(33.6)
30–39	108(42.7)	110(53.7)		218(47.6)
≥ 40	42(16.6)	44(21.4)		86(18.8)
Local residency*			0.143
Yes	185(73.1)	162(79.0)		347(75.8)
No	68(26.9)	43(21.0)		111(24.2)
Ethnic group			0.636
Han	194(76.7)	161(78.5)		355(77.5)
Others	59(23.3)	44(21.5)		103(22.5)
Level of education			0.011
High school and lower	37(14.6)	49(23.9)		86(18.8)
University and higher	216(85.4)	156(76.1)		372(81.2)
Employment status			0.985
Employed	222(87.7)	180(87.8)		402(87.8)
Not employed	31(12.3)	25(12.2)		56(12.2)
Current marital status			0.001
Single	161(63.6)	157(76.6)		318(69.4)
Married	63(24.9)	22(10.7)		85(18.6)
Divorced/widowed	29(11.5)	26(12.7)		55(12)
Income (RMB)			0.130
≤ 1000	17(6.7)	16(7.8)		33(7.2)
1001–5000	171(67.6)	130(63.4)		301(65.7)
5001–10,000	60(23.7)	59(28.8)		119(26.0)
≥ 10,001	5(2.0)	0(0.0)		5(1.1)
Smoking status			0.213
Non-smokers	36(14.2)	38(18.5)		74(16.2)
Previous and current smokers	217(85.8)	167(81.5)		384(83.8)
Alcohol consumption			0.000
No	5(2.0)	32(15.6)		37(8.1)
Yes	248(98.0)	173(84.4)		421(91.9)

Table 2. Sexual behaviors among 458 MSM in Urumqi, China.

Sexual behaviors	HIV (-)	HIV(+)	P value	ALL
	n(%)/median(IQR)	n(%)/median(IQR)		n(%)/median(IQR)
Age at first anal intercourse (year)	20(18–21)	19(17–21)	0.030	19(17–21)
Self-reported sexual orientation			0.002
Gay	233(92.1)	202(98.5)		435(95.0)
Bisexual/heterosexual*	20(7.9)	3(1.5)		23(5.0)
Gender of sex partner			0.002
With men only	140(55.3)	143(69.8)		283(61.8)
Both men and women	113(44.7)	62(30.2)		175(38.2)
Pattern of anal intercourse in the past year			0.051
Mainly receptive	155(61.3)	107(52.2)		262(57.2)
Mainly insertive	98(38.7)	98(47.8)		196(42.8)
Number of male sexual partners in the past six months	3(2–4)	3(2–5)	0.830	3(2–5)
Frequency of condom use during sex with other men in the past six months			0.072
Never	12(4.7)	17(8.3)		29(6.3)
Sometimes	96(38.0)	60(29.3)		156(34.1)
Always	145(57.3)	128(62.4)		273(59.6)
Experience of commercial sex in the past six months			0.014
Yes	15 (5.9)	3(1.5)		18(3.9)
No	238(94.1)	202(98.5)		440(96.1)
Experience of sex with women in the past six months			0.000
Yes	55 (21.7)	10 (4.9)		65(14.2)
No	198(78.3)	195(95.1)		393(85.8)
Voluntary HIV counseling and testing			0.000
Yes	213(84.2)	203(99.0)		416(90.8)
No	40(15.8)	2(1.0)		42(9.2)
Circumcision			0.151
Yes	104(41.1)	98(47.8)		202(47.8)
No	149(58.9)	107(52.2)		256(55.9)
Hepatitis B vaccination			0.001
Yes	105(41.5)	84(41.0)		189(41.3)
No	124(49.0)	118(57.6)		242(52.8)
Unclear	24(9.5)	3(1.5)		27(5.9)
Ever had STDs in the past year			0.125
Yes	20(7.9)	25(12.2)		45(9.8)
No	233(92.1)	180(87.8)		413(90.2)

Table 3. Awareness and knowledge of HPV among 458 MSM in Urumqi, China.

	ALL	HIV(-)	HIV(+)
Knowledge on HPV	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	P value
Ever heard of HPV				0.227
Yes	218(47.6)	114(45.1)	104(50.7)
No	240(52.4)	139(54.9)	101(49.3)
Of those who responded Yes above
Males could be affected by HPV				0.144
Yes^#	213(97.7)	113(99.1)	100(96.2)
No/Uncertain	5(2.3)	1(0.9)	4(3.8)
HPV is transmitted through skin to skin contact				0.860
Yes^#	148(67.9)	78(68.4)	70(67.3)
No/Uncertain	70(32.1)	36(31.6)	34(32.7)
HPV is sexually transmitted				0.359
Yes^#	214(98.2)	111(97.4)	103(99.0)
No/Uncertain	4(1.8)	3(2.6)	1 (1.0)
HPV is a virus that can cause genital warts				0.000
Yes^#	88(40.4)	68(59.6)	20(19.2)
No/Uncertain	130(59.6)	46(40.4)	84(80.8)
HPV is a virus that can cause cancer				0.009
Yes^#	179(82.1)	101(88.6)	78(75.0)
No/Uncertain	39(17.9)	13 (11.4)	26(25.0)

Notes: HIV (-) denotes HIV-uninfected MSM whereas HIV (+) denotes HIV-infected MSM.The option with the ^# symbol is the correct response.

Table 4. Intention to receive HPV vaccination among 458 MSM in Urumqi, China.

Intention to receive HPV vaccination	HIV(-)	HIV(+)	P value	ALL
	n(%)/median(IQR)	n(%)/median(IQR)		n(%)/median(IQR)
Willing to receive HPV vaccination for free			< 0.001
Yes	240(94.9)	203(99.0)		443(96.7)
No	13(5.1)	2(1.0)		15(3.3)
Willing to pay to receive vaccination			< 0.001
Yes	164(64.8)	165(80.5)		329(71.8)
No	89(35.2)	40(19.5)		129(28.2)
How much would you pay for the HPV vaccination (RMB)?	200(100–300)	200(100–425)	0.335	200(100–350)

Table 5. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for intention to receive HPV vaccination in 458 MSM in Urumqi, China.

Characteristics	N	COR (95%CI)	P value	AOR (95%CI)	P value
Local residency
Yes	347	Ref.		Ref.
No	111	2.50 (1.59–3.92)	< 0.001	2.45 (1.47–4.07)	0.001
Ethnic group
Han	355	Ref.
Others	103	1.60 (1.00–2.56)	0.048
Employment status
Employed	402	Ref.		Ref.
Not employed	56	2.12 (1.19–3.76)	0.010	1.95 (1.02–3.73)	0.043
Self-reported sexual orientation
Gay	435	Ref.
Bisexual/heterosexual*	23	4.23 (1.82–10.27)	0.001
Gender of sex partner
With men only	283	Ref.
Both men and women	175	1.84 (1.22–2.79)	0.004
Frequency of condom use during sex with other men in the past six months
Never	29	Ref.	0.045
Sometimes	156	1.29 (0.53–3.15)	0.571
Always	273	0.75 (0.31–1.79)	0.517
Experience of commercial sex in the past six months
Yes	18	Ref.
No	440	0.47 (0.18–1.23)	0.125
Experience of sex with women in the past six months
Yes	65	Ref.
No	393	0.39 (0.23–0.70)	0.001
Engaging in voluntary HIV counseling and testing
Yes	416	Ref.
No	42	2.85 (1.49–5.42)	0.001
Hepatitis B vaccination
Yes	189	Ref.	< 0.001	Ref.	< 0.001
No	242	0.33 (0.21–0.52)	< 0.001	0.90 (0.36–2.28)	0.837
Unclear	27	1.71 (0.76–3.84)	0.193	0.33 (0.12–0.84)	0.020
Ever heard of HPV
Yes	218	Ref.		Ref.
No	240	3.19 (2.05–4.97)	< 0.001	2.61(1.60–4.28)	< 0.001
HIV diagnosis
Uninfected	253	Ref.		Ref.
Infected	205	0.44 (0.29–0.68)	0.000	0.54 (0.32–0.90)	0.019

Notes: Univariately non-significant variables were not listed in this table; COR: crude odds ratio; AOR: adjusted OR, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. * Men who identify themselves as heterosexual but defined as MSM due to reporting having anal and/or oral sex with other men in the last 12 months prior to participation in the study. Ethnic group, Self-reported sexual orientation, Gender of sex partner, Experience of sex with women in the past six months, Engaging in voluntary HIV counseling and testing were adjusted for calculated AOR.