Prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children 7 to 14 years in 2016: A survey before pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Iran

Figures & data

Table 1. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae by baseline characteristics of students.

		Nasopharyngeal Carriage N (%)
Variable	Levels of Variable	Positive	Negative	P Value
Educational Level Mother	Illiterate Elementary School Secondary School High School	4(8.51) 35(13.31) 22(12.36) 3(6.82)	43(91.49) 228(86.69) 156(87.64) 41(93.18)	0.551
Educational Level Father	Illiterate Elementary school Secondary school High School	7(15.22) 36(14.75) 16(9.52) 5(6.86)	39(84.78) 208(85.25) 152(90.48) 68(93.15)	0.172
Gender	Male Female	27(13.78) 37(11.01)	169(86.22) 299(88.99)	0.345
Children’s sleep mode	With Parents Without Parents	18(11.92) 46(12.7)	133(88.08) 335(87.93)	0.961
Status of Parent Smoking	In Home Outdoor	33(18.03) 31(8.88)	150(81.97) 318(91.12)	0.002
Age Group Total	≤ 10 year old > 10 year old	32(12.75) 32(11.39)	219(87.25) 249(88.61)	0.630
Age Group for Male	≤ 10 year old > 10 year old	18(19.78) 9(8.57)	73(80.22) 96(91.43)	0.023
Age Group for Female	≤ 10 year old > 10 year old	14(8.75) 23(13.07)	146(91.25) 153(86.93)	0.207

Table 2. Summary results of multivariate logistic regression model on determinants of nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence.

Variable	B	S.E.	P Value*	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Intervals)
Region	0.052	0.354	0.833	1.05 (0.52– 2.10)
Sex	0.292	0.336	0.385	1.33 (0.69– 2.58)
Age	0.067	0.057	0.239	1.07 (0.95– 1.19)
Household	0.063	0.140	0.652	1.06 (0.80– 1.40)
Room	−0.037	0.119	0.759	0.96 (0.76–1.21)
Sleeping	−0.073	0.304	0.810	0.93 (0.51– 1.68)
Smoking	0.619	0.271	0.022	1.85 (1.09– 3.15)

*Adapted from multivariate logistic regression model

Figure 1. Geographical location of Hamadan province in west of Iran.