Parental knowledge gaps and barriers for children receiving human papillomavirus vaccine in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of demographic characteristics of survey respondents and their children.

Respondent Demographic Characteristics	N (%)
Number of Respondents	n = 622
Age of Respondent (years)
25–34	199 (32.0)
35–44	281 (45.2)
≥ 45	102 (16.4)
Missing	40 (6.4)
Mean Age ± SD^a	38.1 ± 7.4
Median Age (Q1–Q3)	37 (32–42)
Gender of Respondent
Female	525 (84.4)
Male	75 (12.1)
Missing	22 (3.5)
Race of Respondent
White	20 (3.2)
Hispanic or Latino	521 (83.8)
Black or African American	20 (3.2)
Native American / American Indian	30 (4.8)
Other^b	3 (0.5)
Missing	28 (4.5)
Place of Birth for Respondent
US-born	285 (45.8)
Foreign-born	269 (43.3)
Missing	68 (10.9)
Student Demographic Characteristics
Age of Child (years)
≤ 10	207 (33.3)
11–14	373 (60.0)
≥ 15	42 (6.8)
Mean Age ±  SD^a	11.7 ± 1.8
Median Age (Q1–Q3)	11 (10–13)
Gender of Child
Female	355 (57.1)
Male	267 (42.9)
School Type
Elementary	314 (50.5)
Middle	274 (44.1)
High school	34 (5.5)

Demographics from surveys collected between May and June 2017 for RGCCISD.

^aSD: standard deviation; ^b”Other” category includes Asian and Pacific Islanders.

Table 2. Summary of survey results on parental knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward HPV and the HPV vaccine by child demographics and respondent’s gender.

		Child’s Gender			Child’s Age (Years)				Respondent’s Gender
	Total	Female	Male	p-value	≤ 10	11–14	≥ 15	p-value	Female	Male	p-value
No. of Respondents	622	355	267		207	373	42		525	75
Survey Question
Have you ever heard of HPV?
Yes, n (%)	539 (86.7)	318 (89.6)	221 (82.8)	0.0224^ab	171 (82.6)	331 (89.0)	37 (90.2)	0.0395^ab	465 (88.6)	57 (76.0)	0.0098^ac
Would you like to learn more about HPV?
Yes, n (%)	459 (73.8)	261 (73.5)	198 (74.2)	0.8559	166 (80.2)	263 (71.7)	30 (73.2)	0.0354^ab	388 (73.9)	55 (73.3)	0 .4840^a
Have you heard of the HPV vaccine?
Yes, n (%)	520 (83.6)	313 (88.2)	207 (77.5)	0.0018^c	164 (80.2)	317 (85.2)	39 (95.1)	0.0098^ac	452 (86.1)	53 (70.7)	0.0012^ac
Are you aware that the HPV vaccine can prevent certain types of cancer?
Yes, n (%)	481 (77.3)	285 (80.3)	196 (73.4)	0.0007^c	151 (74.0)	297 (81.8)	33 (82.5)	0.1099^a	416 (79.2)	48 (64.0)	0.0525^a
What do you think about the HPV vaccine?^d
Not needed	23 (3.7)	15 (4.2)	8 (3.0)	0.4214	11 (5.3)	11 (3.0)	1 (2.4)	0.3150	19 (3.6)	3 (4.0)	0.6961^a
Does not work	2 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.8)	0.1839^a	1 (0.5)	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	1.0000^a	1 (0.2)	1 (1.3)	0.2878^a
Bad side effects	34 (5.5)	16 (4.5)	18 (6.7)	0.2250	11 (5.3)	22 (5.9)	1 (2.4)	0.6320	27 (5.1)	7 (9.3)	0.2194^a
Good/important	500 (80.4)	290 (81.7)	210 (78.7)	0.3449	158 (76.3)	308 (82.6)	34 (81.0)	0.1918	428 (81.5)	55 (73.3)	0.2124^a

Results of surveys collected between May and June 2017 for RGCCISD.

^aDenotes Fisher’s exact test was used; otherwise, Chi-square test was used.

^bSignificance under 0.05.

^cSignificance under 0.01.

^dQuestions where individuals could choose all answers that apply.

Table 3. Child’s vaccine history and experience with the HPV vaccine by child’s demographics and respondent’s gender.

		Child’s Gender			Child’s Age (Years)				Respondent’s Gender^e
	Total	Female	Male	p-value	≤ 10	11–14	≥ 15	p-value	Female	Male	p-value
No. of Respondents	622	355	267		207	373	42		525	75
Has a doctor or health professional (like a practitioner) ever advised you to get your child vaccinated against HPV?
Yes	273 (43.9)	165 (46.5)	108 (40.5)	0.0595^a	59 (28.5)	195 (52.3)	19 (45.2)	< .0001^a, b	242 (46.1)	24 (32.0)	0.0573^a
No	267 (42.9)	149 (42.0)	118 (44.2)		123 (59.4)	132 (35.4)	12 (28.6)		220 (41.9)	34 (45.3)
Not Sure	78 (12.5)	37 (10.4)	41 (15.4)		25 (12.1)	43 (11.5)	10 (23.8)		60 (11.4)	16 (21.3)
Missing	4 (0.6)	4 (1.1)	0 (0)		0 (0)	3 (0.8)	1 (2.4)		3 (0.6)	1 (1.3)
Has your child received the HPV vaccine?
Yes	202 (32.5)	117 (33.0)	85 (31.8)	0.6173^a	25 (12.1)	159 (42.6)	18 (42.9)	< .0001^b	175 (33.3)	20 (26.7)	0.3783^a
No	299 (48.1)	170 (47.9)	129 (48.3)		143 (69.1)	139 (37.3)	17 (40.5)		252 (48.0)	36 (48.0)
Not Sure	112 (18.0)	61 (17.2)	51 (19.1)		35 (16.9)	70 (18.8)	7 (16.7)		90 (17.1)	19 (25.3)
Missing	9 (1.5)	7 (2.0)	2 (0.8)		4 (1.9)	5 (1.3)	0 (0)		8 (1.5)	0 (0)
If yes, how many doses?^d	202	117	85		25	159	18		175	20
1	59 (29.2)	39 (33.3)	20 (23.8)		11 (44.0)	45 (28.3)	3 (16.7)		56 (32.0)	3 (4.0)
2	36 (17.8)	20 (17.1)	16 (19.1)		6 (24.0)	28 (17.6)	2 (11.1)		28 (16.0)	6 (30.0)
3	81 (40.1)	46 (39.3)	35 (41.7)		5 (20.0)	67 (42.1)	9 (50.0)		69 (39.43)	8 (40.0)
Not Sure	25 (13.4)	12 (10.3)	13 (15.5)		3 (12.0)	18 (11.3)	4 (22.2)		21 (12.0)	3 (15.0)
Missing	1 (0.50)	0 (0)	1 (1.2)		0 (0)	1 (0.6)	0 (0)		1 (0.6)	0 (0)
Initiation (at least 1 dose)	176 (87.1)	105 (89.7)	71 (83.5)	0.3711^a	22 (88.0)	140 (88.1)	14 (77.8)	0.2527^a	153 (87.4)	17 (85.0)	0.2858^a
Complete (at least 2 doses)	117 (57.9)	66 (56.4)	51 (60.0)		11 (44.0)	95 (59.8)	11 (61.1)		97 (55.4)	14 (70.0)
If no, what are the main reasons your child has not received the HPV vaccine?^f,g	299	170	129		143	139	17		252	36
Work / School schedule conflict	19 (6.4)	11 (6.5)	8 (6.2)	0.9247	3 (2.1)	15 (10.8)	1 (5.9)	0.0113^c	17 (6.8)	2 (5.6)	1.0000^a
Not recommended by child’s doctor	104 (34.8)	55 (32.4)	49 (38.0)	0.3112	44 (30.8)	52 (37.4)	8 (47.1)	0.277	87 (34.5)	16 (44.4)	0.0959
My child is not sexually active	50 (16.7)	25 (14.7)	25 (19.4)	0.2834	24 (16.8)	22 (15.8)	4 (23.5)	0.724	46 (18.3)	2 (5.6)	0.1600
Too young	91 (30.4)	59 (34.7)	32 (24.8)	0.0654	59 (41.3)	32 (23.0)	0 (0)	< .0001^b	79 (31.4)	6 (16.7)	0.0419^c
Safety concern / side effects	46 (15.4)	28 (16.5)	18 (14.0)	0.5502	18 (12.6)	26 (18.7)	2 (11.8)	0.3316	39 (15.5)	5 (13.9)	0.9373
Other	54 (18.1)	29 (17.1)	25 (19.4)	0.6054	25 (17.5)	24 (17.3)	5 (29.4)	0.4557	46 (18.3)	5 (13.9)	0.5884

Stratified group results from surveys collected between May and June 2017 for RGCCISD.

^aDenotes Fisher’s exact test is used. Otherwise, Chi-Square test is used.

^bDenotes significance under α = .001.

^cDenotes Significance under α = .05.

^dWhere n is the total number of individuals who answered YES to the question of “Has your child received the HPV vaccine?”

^eMissing parent’s gender found in the survey.

^fDenotes questions where individuals could choose all choices that apply.

^gWhere n is the total number of individuals who answered NO to the question of “Has your child received the HPV vaccine?”

Table 4. Summary of HPV vaccination history by recommendation of healthcare provider.

	n (%)	Has a doctor or health professional (like a practitioner) ever advised you to get your child vaccinated against HPV?
		Yes	No	Not Sure	Missing	p-value
No. of Respondents	622	273	267	78	4
Survey Question
Has your child received the HPV vaccine?						< .0001^ab
Yes	202 (32.5)	173 (63.4)	22 (8.2)	6 (7.7)	1 (25.0)
No	299 (48.1)	80 (29.3)	195 (73.0)	22 (28.2)	2 (50.0)
Not Sure	112 (18.0)	17 (6.2)	46 (17.2)	49 (62.8)	0 (0.0)
Missing	9 (1.5)	3 (1.1)	4 (1.5)	1 (1.3)	1 (25.0)
If yes, how many doses?	202	173	22	6	1	0.6674^a
1	59 (29.2)	51 (29.5)	7 (31.8)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)
2	36 (17.8)	29 (16.8)	6 (27.3)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)
3	81 (40.1)	72 (41.6)	5 (22.7)	3 (50.0)	1 (100.0)
Not Sure	25 (13.4)	20 (11.6)	4 (18.2)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)
Missing	1 (0.5)	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Stratified group result from surveys collected between May and June 2017 for RGCCISD.

^aDenotes Fisher’s exact test is used; otherwise, chi-square test is used.

^bDenotes significance under α = .001.