Vaccines against Ebola virus and Marburg virus: recent advances and promising candidates

Figures & data

Table 1. Protective efficacy studies of EBOV vaccines in NHPs

Vaccine Modality	Challenge Virus	Vaccine Doses	Time to Challenge (d)	Survival (%)	Ref. #
Inactivated Virus
Inactivated EBOV	EBOV	3	43	25	^Citation17
Inactivated EBOV	EBOV	2	56	0	^Citation18
EBOVΔVP30	EBOV	1, 2	28	100	^Citation19
Replication Incompetent Vaccines
Virus-like Replicon Particle (VRP)
VRP-EBOV GP, VRP-EBOV NP, VRP-EBOV GP + NP	EBOV	3	49	0	^Citation17
VRP-EBOV, VRP-SUDV	EBOV	1	28	100	^Citation20
VRP-EBOV, VRP-SUDV	SUDV	1	28	100	^Citation20
Adenovirus Vector
Ad5.EBOV GP + Ad5.EBOV NP	EBOV	2	7	100	^Citation21
Ad5.EBOV GP + Ad5.EBOV NP, Ad5.EBOV GPΔTM + Ad5.EBOV NP	EBOV	1	28	100	^Citation22
Ad5.EBOV GP	EBOV	1	28	100	^Citation23
Ad35.EBOV GP	EBOV	1	28	11	^Citation24
Ad26.EBOV GP	EBOV	1	28	75	^Citation24
Ad26.EBOV GP + Ad35.EBOV GP	EBOV	2	28	100	^Citation24
Ad26.EBOV GP + Ad35.EBOV GP	EBOV	2	56	75	^Citation25
ChAd3.EBOV GP	EBOV	1	330	50	^Citation26
ChAd3.EBOV GP	EBOV	2	56	33	^Citation26
CAdVax-Panfilo	EBOV	2	42	100	^Citation27
CAdVax-Panfilo	EBOV	2	41	100	^Citation28
CAdVax-Panfilo	SUDV	2	41	100	^Citation28
Vaccinia Virus Vectors
VACV-GP	EBOV	3	45	0	^Citation17
MVA-EBOV GP/VP40	EBOV	1	56	100	^Citation29
MVA-EBOV GP/VP40	EBOV	2	28	100	^Citation29
DNA
EBOV GP	EBOV	3	56	83	^Citation30
EBOV GP + SUDV GP + MARV GP + RAVV GP	EBOV	3	56	20	^Citation30
EBOV GP	EBOV	2, 3	28	50, 100	^Citation31
VLP
EBOV GP/NP/VP40 + RIBI	EBOV	3	28	100	^Citation32
EBOV GP/NP/VP40 + QS-21	EBOV	2	28	100	^Citation33
EBOV GP/VP40 + QS-21	EBOV	2	28	40	^Citation33
Replication Competent Vaccines
Recombinant Cytomegalovirus
RhCMV-EBOV GP	EBOV	2	28	75	^Citation34
Human Parainfluenza Virus
HPIV3-EBOV GP + NP	EBOV	1, 2	28	88	^Citation35
HPIV3-EBOV GP + NP	EBOV	1, 2	27	100	^Citation36
Recombinant Rabies Virus
BNSP333-coEBOV GP	EBOV	1	70	100	^Citation37
Inactivated BNSP333-coEBOV GP	EBOV	2	42	50	^Citation37
BNSP333-coEBOV GP	EBOV	2	28	100	^Citation38
Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
VSV-EBOV	EBOV	1	28	100	^Citation39
VSV-EBOV + VSV-SUDV + VSV-MARV	EBOV	1	28	75	^Citation40
VSV-EBOV + VSV-SUDV + VSV-MARV	SUDV	1	28	50	^Citation40
VSV-EBOV + VSV-SUDV + VSV-MARV	TAFV	1	28	100	^Citation40
VSV-EBOV	BDBV	1	28	75	^Citation41
VSV-TAFV	BDBV	1	28	30	^Citation41
Mixed Modality
ChAd3.EBOV GP + MVA-BN-Filo	EBOV	2	28	100	^Citation26
Ad26.EBOV GP + MVA-BN-Filo	EBOV	2	28	100	^Citation25
EBOV GP DNA + Ad5.EBOV GP	EBOV	4	56	100	^Citation42
EBOV GP DNA + Ad5.EBOV GP	EBOV	5	7	100	^Citation43

Table 2. Protective efficacy studies of MARV vaccines in NHPs

Vaccine Modality	Challenge Virus	Vaccine Doses	Time to Challenge (d)	Survival (%)	Ref. #
Inactivated Virus
Inactivated MARV	MARV	2	21	50	^Citation44
Replication Incompetent Vaccines
Virus-like Replicon Particle (VRP)
VRP-MARV GP	MARV	3	35	100	^Citation45
VRP-MARV NP	MARV	3	35	67	^Citation45
VRP-MARV GP + VRP-MARV NP	MARV	3	35	100	^Citation45
Adenovirus Vector
Ad5.MARV GP	MARV	1	28	100	^Citation46
CAdVax-panFilo	MARV	2	42	100	^Citation27
DNA
MARV GP	MARV	4	21	100	^Citation46
MARV GP	MARV	3	28	67	^Citation47
MARV GP	MARV	3	56	83	^Citation30
EBOV GP + SUDV GP + MARV GP + RAVV GP	MARV	3	56	100	^Citation30
VLP
MARV GP, MARV GP + NP	MARV	3	28	100	^Citation48
MARV GP/NP/VP40 + Poly-IC	MARV	3	28	100	^Citation49
MARV GP/NP/VP40 + QS-21	MARV	3	28	100	^Citation49
Replication Competent Vaccines
Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
VSV-MARV	MARV	1	28	100	^Citation39
VSV-EBOV + VSV-SUDV + VSV-MARV	MARV	1	28	75	^Citation40
Mixed Modality
MARV GP DNA + Ad5.MARV GP	MARV	4	42	100	^Citation46

Table 3. Clinical trials with patients receiving a single filovirus vaccine platform candidate

NCT Number	Viral Target	Vaccine	Phase	Study Dates	Country
NCT00374309	EBOV	Ad5.EBOV	1	Study Start: Sept. 2006 Study Completion: May 2009	USA
NCT02231866	EBOV SUDV	ChAd3.EBOV+ChAd3.SUDV ChAd3.EBOV	1	Study Start: August 2014 Study Completion: April 2017	USA
NCT02485301	EBOV	ChAd3.EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: July 2015 Study Completion: Dec. 2016	Cameroon Mali Nigeria Senegal
NCT02548078	EBOV	ChAd3.EBOV	2	Study Start: Nov. 2015 Study Completion: May 2017	Mali Senegal
NCT02401373	EBOV	Ad5.EBOV	1	Study Start: March 2015 Study Completion: July 2015	China
NCT02485912	EBOV	ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-EBOV	1	Study Start: July 2015 Study Completion: Jan. 2016	Senegal
NCT02354404	EBOV SUDV	ChAd3.EBOV ChAd3.EBOV+ChAd3.SUDV MVA-EBOV	1	Study Start: Jan. 2015 Study Completion: April 2017	Uganda
NCT02344407	EBOV	VSV-EBOV ChAd3.EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: Jan. 2015 Study Completion: June 2020	Liberia
NCT02289027	EBOV	ChAd3.EBOV	1/2	Study Start: October 2014 Study Completion: June 2015	Switzerland
NCT02533791	EBOV	Ad5.EBOV Low Dose Ad5.EBOV High Dose	1	Study Start: July 2015 Study Completion: Oct. 2015	China
NCT02344407	EBOV	VSV-EBOV ChAd3.EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: Jan. 2015 Study Completion: June 2020	Liberia
NCT02575456	EBOV	Ad5.EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: Oct. 2015 Study Completion: July 2016	Sierra Leone
NCT02326194	EBOV	Ad5.EBOV Low Dose Ad5.EBOV High Dose	1	Study Start: Dec. 2014 Study Completion: July 2015	China
NCT03475056	MARV	ChAd3.MARV	1	Study Start: Oct. 2018 Study Completion: Dec. 2019	USA
NCT00072605	EBOV	EBOV GP DNA	1	Study Start: Nov. 2003 Study Completion: August 2007	USA
NCT00605514	EBOV MARV	EBOV GP DNA MARV GP DNA	1	Study Start: Jan. 2008 Study Completion: June 2010	USA
NCT00997607	EBOV MARV	EBOV GP DNA MARV GP DNA	1	Study Start: Feb. 2010 Study Completion: April 2012	Uganda
NCT02464670	EBOV	EBOV GP DNA	1	Study Start: May 2015 Study Completion: May 2018	USA
NCT02370589	EBOV	EBOV GP VLP EBOV GP VLP+Matrix M	1	Study Start: Feb. 2015 Study Completion: April 2016	Australia
NCT02564575	EBOV	HPIV3/EBOV	1	Study Start: August 2015 Study Completion: Nov. 2016	USA
NCT03462004	EBOV	HPIV3/ΔF-HN/EBOVGP	1	Study Start: March 2018 Study Completion: Dec. 2019	USA
NCT02374385	EBOV	VSV-EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: Nov. 2014 Study Completion: June 2015	Canada
NCT02287480	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	1/2	Study Start: Nov. 2014 Study Completion: Jan. 2016	Switzerland
NCT02296983	EBOV	VSV-ZEBOV	1	Study Start: Dec. 2014 Study Completion: Sept. 2016	Kenya
NCT03161366	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	3	Study Start: May 2018 Study Completion: Nov. 2018	DRC Uganda
NCT02283099	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	1	Study Start: Nov. 2014 Study Completion: Nov. 2015	Germany
NCT02269423	EBOV	VSV-EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: Oct. 2014 Study Completion: Aug. 2015	Randomized
NCT02280408	EBOV	VSV-EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: Oct. 2014 Study Completion: Dec. 2015	Randomized
NCT02314923	EBOV	VSV-EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: Dec. 2014 Study Completion: June 2016	Randomized
NCT02718469	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	1	Study Start: Dec. 2015 Study Completion: Sept. 2016	USA
NCT02378753	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	2/3	Study Start: April 2015 Study Completion: Dec. 2016	Sierra Leone
NCT02503202	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	3	Study Start: Aug. 2015 Study Completion: Sept.2017	Randomized
NCT03333538	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	1/2	Study Start: Nov. 2017 Study Completion: Dec. 2018	Russian Federation
NCT03031912	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	2	Study Start: Aug. 2017 Study Completion: Dec. 2019	Canada
NCT02933931	EBOV	VSV-EBOV		Study Start: Nov. 2016 Study Completion: April 2020	Unknown
NCT02788227	EBOV	VSV-EBOV	2	Study Start: Jan. 2016 Study Completion: Oct. 2022	USA Canada

Table 4. Clinical trials with patients receiving combined filovirus vaccine candidates

NCT Number	Viral Target	Vaccine	Phase	Study Dates	Country
NCT03140774	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV+MAV-BN-Filo VSV-EBOV	1/2	Study Start: May 2017 Study Completion: July 2020	UK
NCT02313077	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	MVA-BN-Filo Ad26.EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: Dec. 2014 Study Completion: March 2016	UK
NCT02267109	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo ChAd3.EBOV+Placebo	1	Study Start: Oct. 2014 Study Completion: April 2016	Mali
NCT02376426	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV MVA-BN-Filo	1	Study Start: March 2015 Study Completion: June 2016	Kenya
NCT02543268	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV MVA-BN-Filo	3	Study Start: Sept. 2015 Study Completion: July 2016	USA
NCT02368119	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo	1	Study Start: March 2015 Study Completion: Sept. 2016	Mali
NCT02376400	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	MVA-BN-Filo Ad26.EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: April 2015 Study Completion: Sept. 2016	Tanzania Uganda
NCT02543567	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV MVA-BN-Filo	3	Study Start: Sept. 2015 Study Completion: Nov. 2016	USA
NCT02408913	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	MVA-BN-Filo ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo	1	Study Start: March 2015 Study Completion: April 2017	USA
NCT02325050	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	MVA-BN-Filo Ad26.EBOV Placebo	1	Study Start: Jan. 2015 Study Completion: May 2017	USA
NCT02451891	EBOV	MVA-EBOV ChAd3.EBOV	1	Study Start: April 2015 Study Completion: Aug. 2017	UK
NCT02240875	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo	1	Study Start: Sept. 2014 Study Completion: Aug. 2017	UK
NCT02495246	EBOV	ChAd3.EBOV Ad26.EBOV	1	Study Start: Sept. 21, 2015 Study Completion: Aug. 2017	UK
NCT02416453	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	MVA-BN-Filo Ad26.EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: June 2015 Study Completion: Jan. 2018	France UK
NCT02598388	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV MVA-BN-Filo	2	Study Start: Jan. 2016 Study Completion: Dec. 2018	USA Kenya Mozambique Nigeria Tanzania Uganda
NCT02354404	EBOV SUDV	ChAd3.EBOV ChAd3.EBOV+ChAd3.SUDV MVA-EBOV	1	Study Start: Jan. 2015 Study Completion: April 2017	Uganda
NCT02891980	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV MVA-BN-Filo	1	Study Start: March 2017 Study Completion: March 2019	USA
NCT02876328	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV MVA-BN-Filo VSV-EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: March 2017 Study Completion: March 2019	Guinea Liberia Mali Sierra Leone
NCT02564523	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo Placebo	2	Study Start: Nov. 2015 Study Completion: March 2019	Burkina Faso Côte D’Ivoire Kenya Uganda
NCT02509494	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo	3	Study Start: Sept. 2015 Study Completion: Aug. 2019	Sierra Leone
NCT02911415	EBOV	VSV-EBOV+Ad5.EBOV	1	Study Start: Sept. 2016 Study Completion: Dec. 2017	Russian Fed.
NCT03072030	EBOV	VSV-EBOV+Ad5.EBOV Placebo	4	Study Start: Aug. 2017 Study Completion: Dec. 2019	Guinea Russian Fed.
NCT02344407	EBOV	VSV-EBOV ChAd3.EBOV Placebo	2	Study Start: Jan. 2015 Study Completion: June 2020	Liberia
NCT03140774	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.EBOV+MAV-BN-Filo VSV-EBOV		Study Start: May 2017 Study Completion: July 2020	UK
NCT03583606	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	ChAd3.EBOV+MVA-BN-Filo	1	Study Start: Oct. 2018 Study Completion: Aug. 2020	USA
NCT02661464	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.ZEBOV MVA-BN-Filo	3	Study Start: May 2016 Study Completion: April 2023	USA Burkina Faso Côte D’Ivoire France
NCT02661464	EBOV SUDV TAFV MARV	Ad26.ZEBOV MVA-BN-Filo	3	Study Start: May 2016 Study Completion: April 2023	USA Burkina Faso Côte D’Ivoire France

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