Influenza vaccine and cardiac protection: a study from a tertiary care center

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the study population.

		Totaln = 698	Not Vaccinatedn = 590	Vaccinatedn = 108
Age Mean (SD)		68.5 (3.6)	68 (2.8)	70.9 (5.8)
Sex %	Female	59	58	64.8
	Male	41	42	35.2
Marital%	Married	87.1	88.1	81.5
	Single	9.2	8.8	11.1
	Widowed	2.2	2.5	7.4
	Divorced	0.4	0.5
HTN%	N	58.7	61	46.3
	Y	41.3	40	53.7
DM %	N	76.9	78.6	67.6
	Y	23.1	21.4	32.4
DL %	N	70.5	72.5	59.3
	Y	29.5	27.5	40.7
HD %	N	92	92.7	88
	Y	8	7.3	12
Smoker %	N	70.1	70.3	68.5
	Y	29.9	29.7	31.5

Table 2. Odds ratios (95% CI) for associations between heart disease and vaccine after adjusting for other covariates in model 1 and the effect of vaccine and every covariate independently on heart disease in model 2.

	Model 1		Model 2
	Heart Disease		Heart Disease
Independent variables	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Vaccine	0.97	0.45–2.06	1.74	0.9–3.36
HTN	4.53	2.07–9.88*	7.603	3.76–15.34*
DL	1.33	0.71–2.49	3.055	1.75–5.31*
DM	2.05	1.08–3.86*	4.15	2.37–7.25*
Sex	0.12	0.04–0.38*	0.288	0.14–0.58*
Smoking	2.39	0.9–6.32	0.688	0.36–1.30
age	0.89	0.82–0.97*	0.96	0.90–1.02

*: Odds ratios that are statistically significant

Table 3. The change in the effect of vaccine on heart disease after adding each cofactor at a time.

Heart Disease
	Odds ratio (OR)	95% CI
Vaccine + 1 risk factor
Vaccine	1.61	0.80–3.24
Vaccine + 2 risk factors
Vaccine	1.33	0.65–2.71
Vaccine + 3 risk factors
Vaccine	1.33	0.66–2.69
Vaccine + 4 risk factors
Vaccine	1.32	0.65–2.69
Vaccine + 5 risk factors
Vaccine	0.98	0.46–2.09
Vaccine + 6 risk factors
Vaccine	0.97	0.45–2.06