Knowledge and acceptance of influenza and pertussis vaccinations among pregnant women of low socioeconomic status in Turkey

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women by intention to accept pertussis vaccination

		Intention to accept pertussis vaccination		p
		Yes	No
Variable		n (%)	n (%)
Age Mean±SS		28,69 ± 5,67	27,75 ± 5,09	^1,216
Education level (n = 462)	Elementary to high school	46 (11%)	375 (89%)	^20,227
	Above high school	6 (15%)	35 85%)
Marital status (n = 463)	Married	51 (11%)	409 (89%)	^20,168
	Single or divorced	1 (33%)	2 (67%)
Employment status (n = 465)	Housewife	43 (12%)	318 (88%)	^30,452
	Other	9 (9%)	95 (91%)
Number of pregnancy mean±SS		2,38 ± 1,54	2,29 ± 1,29	^40,991
Number of children (n = 465)	First pregnancy	20 (12%)	149 (88%)	^20,054
	One	14 (9%)	138 (91%)
	Two	15 (13%)	97 (77%)
	Three	1 (3%)	28 (97%)
	Four	2 (67%)	1 (33%)
Children died of disease (n = 465)	Yes	6 (15%)	34 (85%)	^50,663
	No	46 (11%)	379 (89%)
Prenatal care during pregnancy (n = 464)	Yes	12 (19%)	52 (81%)	^30,065
	No	40 (10%)	360 (90%)
Site of prenatal care (n = 65)	Family physician	2 (2%)	8 (88%)	^20,364
	Public Hospital	10 (22%)	35 (88%)
	Private Hospital	0 (0%)	10 (100%)
Health problems during pregnancy (n = 410)	Yes	18 (16%)	93 (84%)	^50,089
	No	31 (10%)	268 (90%)
Hospitalization during pregnancy (n = 465)	Yes	0 (%0)	18 (100%)	^60,243
	No	52 (12%)	395 (88%)
Trimester of gestation (n = 465)	1st trimester	7 (14%)	43 (86%)	^50,568
	2 nd trimester	32 (10%)	273 (90%)
	3 rd trimester	13 (12%)	97 (88%)
Person who decided about seeking healthcare in family? (n = 465)	Myself	12 (13%)	84 (87%)	^50,255
	My husband	9 (18%)	42 (82%)
	Together (myself and husband)	31 (10%)	276 (90%)
	Other	0 (%0)	11 (100%)

¹Student’s t test

²Fisher Freeman Halton test

³Yates’s continuity correction

⁴Mann Whitney U test

⁵Chi-square test

⁶Fisher’s Exact test

Table 2. Demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women by intention to accept influenza vaccination

		Intention to accept influenza vaccination		p
		Yes	No
Variable		n (%)	n (%)
Age Mean±SS		28,07 ± 6,02	27,8 ± 4,93	^10,704
Education level (n = 462)	Elementary to high school	87 (21%)	334 (79%)	^20,522
	Above high school	5 (12%)	36 (88%)
Marital status (n = 463)	Married	92 (20%)	368 (80%)	^21,000
	Single or divorced	0 (0%)	3 (100%)
Employment status (n = 465)	Housewife	75 (21%)	286 (79%)	^30,390
	Other	17 (16%)	87 (84%)
Number of pregnancy mean±SS		2,47 ± 1,43	2,26 ± 1,29	^40,297
Number of children (n = 465)	First pregnancy	35 (21%)	134 (79%)	^50,223
	One	25 (16%)	127 (84%)
	Two	23 (21%)	89 (79%)
	Three	7 (24%)	22 (76%)
	Four	2 (67%)	1 (33%)
Children died of disease (n = 465)	Yes	11 (28%)	29 (72%)	^50,253
	No	81 (19%)	344 (81%)
Prenatal care during pregnancy (n = 464)	Yes	20 (31%)	44 (57%)	^50,014*
	No	72 (18%)	328 (82%)
Site of prenatal care (n = 65)	Family physician	4 (40%)	6 (60%)	^20,654
	Public Hospital	14 31%)	31 (69%)
	Private Hospital	2 (20%)	8 (80%)
Health problems during pregnancy (n = 465)	Yes	34 (31%)	77 (69%)	^50,004*
	No	58 (16%)	296 (84%)
Hospitalization during pregnancy (n = 465)	Yes	5 (%28)	13 (72%)	^60,371
	No	87 (19%)	360 (81%)
Trimester of gestation (n = 465)	1st trimester	10 (20%)	40 (80%)	^50,498
	2 nd trimester	34 (11%)	271 (89%)
	3 rd trimester	14 (13%)	96 (87%)
Person who decided about seeking healthcare in family (n = 465)	Myself	21 (22%)	75 (88%)	^50,496
	My husband	13 (25%)	38 (75%)
	Together (myself and husband)	57 (19%)	250 (81%)
	Other	1 (9%)	10 (91%)

¹Student’s t test

²Fisher Freeman Halton test

³Yates’s continuity correction

⁴Mann Whitney U test

⁵Chi-square test

⁶Fisher’s Exact test

Table 3. Vaccination history, pertussis disease knowledge, vaccine recommendation by intention to accept pertussis vaccination

		Intention to accept pertussis vaccination
		Yes	No
		n (%)	n (%)	p
Previous DTP vaccination in childhood or adolescence (n = 465)	Yes	7 (33%)	14 (67%)	^10,001*
	No	14 (15%)	78 (85%)
	Not sure	31 (8%)	321 (92%
Vaccination during prior pregnancies (n = 458)	Yes	27 (16%)	145 (84%)	^10,013*
	No	6 (8%)	66 (92%)
	Not sure	2 (2%)	81 (98%)
	First pregnancy	15 (11%)	116 (89%)
Received vaccines in previous pregnancies (n = 172)	Tetanus	26 (15%)	145 (85%)	^20,157
	Tetanus+influenza	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Adverse vaccine reaction history (n = 172)	Yes	3 (42%)	4 (58%)	^30,090
	No	23 (16%	124 (84%)
	Not sure	1 (6%)	17 (94%)
Hospitalization for vacine-induced complications (n = 172)	Yes	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	^30,065
	No	26 (16%)	135 (84%)
	Not sure	0 (0%)	10 (100%)
Have you ever heard of pertussis? (n = 465)	Yes	10 (42%)	14 (58%)	^10,000*
	No	37 (12%)	271 (88%)
	Not sure	5 (%9,6)	128 (%31)
Pregnant women should be vaccinated against pertussis (n = 465)	Yes	34 (92%)	3 (8%)	^10,000*
	No	2 (3%)	73 (97%)
	Not sure	16 (5%)	337 (95%)
Pertussis unvaccinated women can develop pertussis (n = 465)	Yes	11 (27%)	30 (73%)	^30,002*
	No	0 (0%)	24 (100%)
	Not sure	41 (10%)	359 (90%)
Did you receive a recommenation for any vaccine during pregnancy? (n = 465)	Yes	32 (15%)	219 (85%)	^10,498
	No	15 (9%)	150 (81%)
	Not sure	5 (10%)	44 (90%)
Is it safe pertussis vaccination for pregnant women? (n = 465)	Yes	14 (54%)	12 (46%)	^30,000*
	No	0 (0%)	27 (100%)
	Not sure	38 (9%)	374 (91%)
Can your baby get pertussis? (n = 465)	Yes	8 (31%)	18 69(%)	^30,011*
	No	2 (7%)	25 (93%)
	Not sure	42 (10%)	370 (90%)
Can infants protect from pertussis if their mothers gets a pertussis vaccine during pregnancy? (n = 465)	Yes	9 (30%)	21 (70%)	^30,007*
	No	1 (6%)	17 (94%)
	Not sure	42 (10%)	375 (90%)
Did you plan to get any vaccines in current pregnancy? (n = 465)	Yes	34 (15%)	195 (85%)	^10,039*
	No	10 (9%)	102 (91%)
	Not sure	8 (6%)	116 (94%)

¹Chi-square test

²Fisher’s Exact test

³Fisher Freeman Halton test

*p < .05

Table 4. Vaccination history, influenza disease knowledge, vaccine recommendation by intention to accept influenza vaccination

		Intention to accept influenza vaccination		p
		Yes	No
		n (%)	n (%)
Previous DTP vaccination in childhood or adolescence (n = 465)	Yes	6 (29%)	15 (71%)	^10,184
	No	23 (25%)	69 (75%)
	Not sure	63 (18%)	289 (82%)
Vaccination during prior pregnancies (n = 458)	Yes	39 (23%)	133 (77%)	^10,070
	No	17 (24%)	55 (76%)
	Not sure	8 (10%)	75 (90%)
	First pregnancy	25 (11%)	106 (89%)
Received vaccines in previous pregnancies (n = 172)	Tetanus	39 (23%)	132 (77%)	^21,000
	Tetanus+influenza	0 (%0)	1 (100%)
Adverse vaccine reaction history (n = 172)	Yes	2 (29%)	5 (71%)	^30,713
	No	34 (23%)	113 (77%)
	Not sure	3 (17%)	15 (83%)
Hospitalization for vacine-induced complications (n = 172)	Yes	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	^31,000
	No	37 (23%)	124 (77%)
	Not sure	2 (20%)	8 (80%)
Have you ever heard of influenza? (n = 465)	Yes	61 (25%)	181 (75%)	^10,000*
	No	21 (22%)	76 (88%)
	Not sure	10 (8%)	116 (92%)
Pregnant women should be vaccinated against influenza (n = 465)	Yes	59 (73%)	22 (27%)	^10,000*
	No	9 (7%)	119 (93%)
	Not sure	24 (9%)	232 (81%)
Influenza unvaccinated women can develop influenza (n = 465)	Yes	37 (30%)	85 (70%)	^10,002*
	No	6 (22%)	22 (78%)
	Not sure	49 (26%)	266 (84%)
Did you receive a recommenation for any vaccine during pregnancy? (n = 465)	Yes	55 (22%)	196 (88%)	^10,449
	No	28 (17%)	137 (83%)
	Not sure	9 (18%)	40 (82%)
Is it safe influenza vaccination for pregnant women? (n = 465)	Yes	11 (69%)	5 (31%)	^10,000*
	No	4 (11%)	34 (89%)
	Not sure	77 (19%)	334 (81%)
Can your baby get influenza? (n = 465)	Yes	27 (35%)	51 (65%)	^10,001*
	No	5 (20%)	20 (80%)
	Not sure	60 (17%)	302 (83%)
Can infants protect from influenza if their mothers gets a influenza vaccine during pregnancy? (n = 465)	Yes	21 (55%)	17 (45%)	^10,000*
	No	5 (14%)	30 (86%)
	Not sure	66 (17%)	326 (83%)
Did you plan to get any vaccines in current pregnancy? (n = 465)	Yes	53 (23%)	176 (77%)	^10,105
	No	22 (20%)	90 (80%)
	Not sure	17 (14%)	107 (86%)

¹Chi-square test

²Fisher’s Exact test

³Fisher Freeman Halton test

*p < .05

Table 5. Reasons to accept pertussis vaccination during pregnancy

	Intention to accept pertussis vaccination
	Yes	No
	n (%)	n (%)	p
If a obstetrician recommends a pertussis vaccination	31 (16%)	159 (84%)	^10,004*
If a pediatrician recommends a pertussis vaccination	13 (38%)	21 (62%)	^20,000*
If a another healthcare worker (e.g. nurse) recommends a pertussis vaccination	3 (60%)	2 (40%)	^20,011*
If Turkey Ministry of Health recommends a pertussis vaccination	11 (26%)	32 (74%)	^20,004*
If an international organization (e.g. WHO) recommends a pertussis vaccination	8 (50%)	8 (50%)	^20,000*
If there is a pertussis case in the neighborhood	1 (11%)	8 (89%)	^21,000
If there is a pertussis case in the city	1 (17%)	5 (83%)	^20,511
If there is a pertussis case in the country	3 (30%)	7 (70%)	^20,090
If a friend or relative recommends a pertussis vaccination	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	^21,000
Other reasons	1 (9%)	10 (91%)	^20,567
I don’t want to answer	15 (6%)	216 (94%)	^30,002*

¹Chi-square test

²Fisher’s Exact test

³Yates’s continuity correction

*p < .05

Table 6. Reasons to accept influenza vaccination during pregnancy

	Intention to accept influenza vaccination
	Yes	No
	n (%)	n (%)	p
If a obstetrician recommends a influenza vaccination	66 (16%)	136 (84%)	^10,000*
If a pediatrician recommends a influenza vaccination	12 (38%)	24 (62%)	^20,057
If a another healthcare workerm(e.g. nurse) recommends a influenza vaccination	4 (60%)	4 (40%)	^30,053
If Turkey Ministry of Health recommends a influenza vaccination	10 (26%)	23 (74%)	^20,178
If an international organization (e.g. WHO) recommends a p influenza vaccination	4 (50%)	10(50%)	^30,492
If there is a influenza case in the neighborhood	0 (11%)	2 (89%)	^31,000
If there is a influenza case in the city	0 (17%)	2 (83%)	^31,000
If there is a p influenza case in the country	1 (30%)	3 (70%)	^30,587
If a friend or relative recommends a influenza vaccination	1 (0%)	0 (100%)	^30,198
Other reasons	4 (9%)	9 (91%)	^20,567
I don’t want to answer	17 (6%)	212 (94%)	^20,000*

¹Chi-square test

²Fisher’s Exact test

³Yates’s continuity correction

*p < .05

Table 7. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examining factors affecting pertussis vaccination acceptance

	OR	SE	p	95% CI
Previous DTP vaccination in childhood or adolescence	7,395	0,77	0,009	1,635–33,453
Vaccination during prior pregnancies	3,147	0,533	0,032	1,107–8,946
Have you ever heard of pertussis?	0,926	0,937	0,934	0,147–5,811
If a obstetrician recommends a pertussis vaccination	0,547	0,794	0,447	0,115–2,591
If a pediatrician recommends a pertussis vaccination	2,484	0,872	0,297	0,45–13,722
If a another healthcare worker (e.g. nurse) recommends a pertussis vaccination	7,39	1,481	0,177	0,406–134,632
If Turkey Ministry of Health recommends a pertussis vaccination	2,976	0,716	0,128	0,731–12,11
If an international organization (e.g. WHO) recommends a pertussis vaccination	2,095	0,964	0,443	0,317–13,865
Pertussis unvaccinated women can develop pertussis	6,425	0,688	0,007	1,668–24,739
Can infants protect from pertussis if their mothers gets a pertussis vaccine during pregnancy?	0,402	0,853	0,285	0,075–2,139
Is it safe pertussis vaccination for pregnant women?	3,685	0,958	0,173	0,563–24,11

Table 8. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examining factors affecting influenza vaccination acceptance

	OR	SE	p	95% CI
Have you ever heard of influenza?	1,046	0,343	0,896	0,534–2,048
If a obstetrician recommends an influenza vaccination	0,672	0,502	0,428	0,252–1,796
Influenza unvaccinated women can develop influenza	1,27	0,348	0,492	0,642–2,511
Can infants protect from influenza if their mothers gets a influenza vaccine during pregnancy?	3,265	0,435	0,006	1,393–7,657
Is it safe influenza vaccination for pregnant women?	2,142	0,837	0,363	0,415–11,053