Behavior of nurses and nurse aides toward influenza vaccine: the impact of the perception of occupational working conditions

Figures & data

Figure 1. Perception of the influenza vaccine on a five-point scale; (a) usefulness “for you,” usefulness “for hospitalized patients,” safety, and efficacy of the influenza vaccine; (b) difference between the perceptions of nurses and nurse aides (p < .001 for the differences in the four dimensions) (boxes: 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile, whiskers: 10th and 90th percentile)

Table 1. Characteristics of participants in the groups with positive and negative behavior toward influenza vaccine

		Vaccination intention = 5 Or last vaccination less than 2 years before (“positive behavior toward influenza vaccine”)	Vaccination intention <5 Or last vaccination more than 2 years before (“negative behavior toward influenza vaccine”)
		Mean ±SD if normal distribution Or median and IQT 25-75		p (bivariate analysis)	p (multivariate analysis)
Age		38.8 ± 10	35.4 ± 10	p < .001	0.236
Gender	Female	41.4%	58.6%	0.0245	0.215
	Male	52.9%	47.1%
Profession	Nurse	46.2%	53.8%	.002	.927
	Nurse aide	33.1%	66.9%
Vaccine usefulness (for you)		4 [3–5]	1 [1–2]	< .001	< .001
Vaccine usefulness (for patients)		5 [4–5]	2 [1–3]	< .001	< .001
Vaccine safety		3.7 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 1.0	< .001	.609
Vaccine efficacy		3.7 ± 1.0	2.0 ± 1.0	< .001	.241
Perception of management		3.1 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 1.0	< .001	.0114
Psychological contract breach		2.9 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.0	.004	.814
Work overload		3.9 ± 0.9	4.0 ± 1.0	.118	-
Compassion fatigue		2 [1.4–3.0]	2.2 [1.6–3.0]	.024	.369

SD: standard deviation, IQT 25–75: interval between the 25% and 75% centiles.

Figure 2. Perceptions of the influenza vaccine according to behavior/intention toward influenza vaccine (p < .001 for the four dimensions) (boxes: 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile, whiskers: 10th and 90th percentile)

Figure 3. Occupation-related scores

Table 2. Correlation between vaccine perceptions and working condition perceptions

	Perception of management	Psychological contract breach	Work overload	Compassion fatigue
Vaccine usefulness (for you)	p < .001, rho = 0.228	p = .003, rho = −0.066	p = .104	p = .001, rho = −0.073
Vaccine usefulness (for patients)	p < .001, rho = 0.226	p < .001, rho = −0.105	p = .105	p < .001, rho = −0.126
Vaccine safety	p < .001, rho = 0.236	p < .001, rho = −0.089	p < .001, rho = −0.056	p < .001, rho = −0.094
Vaccine efficacy	p < .001, rho = 0.227	p < .001, rho = −0.122	p = .042, rho = 0.037	p < .001, rho = −0.091

Table 3. Probability of being in the group with positive or negative behavior toward influenza vaccine according to the perceptions of working conditions

	Above or below the median score of perception of working conditions	Percentage in the group with positive behavior toward influenza vaccine	Percentage in the group with negative behavior toward influenza vaccine	p
Perception of management	< 2.7	34.4	65.6	< .001
	> 2.7	50.3	49.7
Psychological contract breach	< 3.1	46.4	53.6	.069
	> 3.1	39.8	60.2
Work overload	< 4	45.8	54.2	.122
	>4	40.2	59.8
Compassion fatigue	< 2.2	48.1	51.9	.009
	> 2.2	38.6	61.4

Figure 4. Odds ratio (OR) of being in the “group with positive behavior toward influenza vaccine” according to the perception of management score, with the group with lower scores (1–1.9) being the reference (bars: 95% CI)