Seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among Chinese in Hong Kong: barriers, enablers and vaccination rates

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics of focus group participants.

	n	(%)
Total number of focus groups:	8
Total number of participants:	54
Age
18–29	10	(18.5)
30–39	9	(16.7)
40–49	4	(7.4)
50–59	8	(14.8)
60–69	14	(25.9)
70–79	6	(11.1)
80–89	2	(3.7)
90–99	1	(1.9)
Gender
Male	19	(35.2)
Female	35	(64.8)
Education
None	2	(3.7)
Primary	20	(37.0)
Secondary	19	(35.2)
Tertiary	13	(24.1)

Table 2. Demographic information of the survey respondents.

	n	(%)
Gender
Male	838	(34.2)
Female	1614	(65.8)
Age
18–49	822	(33.7)
50–64	765	(31.4)
65–74	493	(20.2)
≥75	360	(14.8)
Education
Primary or below	525	(21.5)
Secondary	1073	(44.0)
Tertiary	839	(34.4)
Income
Low	686	(32.5)
Middle	819	(38.8)
High	607	(28.7)
Primary health-care setting
Private	1822	(76.8)
Public	551	(23.2)

Missing responses were excluded in analysis

Table 3. Reasons for receiving or NOT receiving influenza vaccine.

	Yes^a		No
	n	(%)	n	(%)
Reasons for receiving influenza vaccine (N = 713)
Felt safer after vaccination	663	(94.4)	39	(5.6)
Being vaccinated would enhance immunity against influenza	638	(92.3)	53	(7.7)
Being vaccinated would speed up influenza recovery	423	(69.5)	186	(30.5)
Vaccine was free or subsidized	383	(53.8)	329	(46.2)
Recommended by doctors	249	(35.0)	463	(65.0)
Reasons for NOT receiving influenza vaccine (N = 1737)
Wanted to rely on one’s own immunity	1219	(71.2)	494	(28.8)
Perceived low risk of getting influenza	1096	(65.6)	575	(34.4)
Worried about the side-effects	766	(45.2)	929	(54.8)
Suspected the effectiveness of the vaccine	642	(38.3)	1036	(61.7)
Unware of information related to influenza vaccination	548	(31.7)	1178	(68.3)
Had no time for vaccination	436	(25.2)	1295	(74.8)
Unwilling to pay for the vaccine	357	(20.8)	1360	(79.2)

Missing responses were excluded in analysis

^aItems are ordered in this table by % of 'Yes' responses.

Table 4. Association of demographic characteristics, health condition, and lifestyle with vaccination.

	Received influenza vaccine in the past 12 months				Pearson χ^2 test/ Wilcoxon rank-sum test^a	Multivariable logistic regression	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)^a
	Yes		No
	n	(%)	n	(%)	p-value	p-value
Gender
Male	245	(29.3)	592	(70.7)	.894	.672	Ref
Female	468	(29.0)	1145	(71.0)			0.948 (0.742, 1.212)
Age
18–49	114	(13.9)	707	(86.1)	<.001**	<.001**	Ref
50–64	106	(13.9)	659	(86.1)			1.044 (0.745, 1.463)
65–74	242	(49.1)	251	(50.9)			8.226 (5.584, 12.118)
≥75	251	(69.9)	108	(30.1)			19.610 (12.322, 31.209)
Education
Primary or below	238	(45.4)	286	(54.6)	<.001**	.030*	Ref
Secondary	278	(25.9)	794	(74.1)			1.234 (0.896, 1.701)
Tertiary	193	(23.0)	646	(77.0)			1.687 (1.135, 2.506)
Household income
Low	309	(45.1)	376	(54.9)	<.001**	.042*	Ref
Middle	151	(18.4)	668	(81.6)			0.852 (0.623, 1.165)
High	130	(21.4)	477	(78.6)			1.271 (0.876, 1.844)
Primary health-care setting
Private	467	(25.7)	1353	(74.3)	<.001**	.553	Ref
Public	219	(39.7)	332	(60.3)			1.085 (0.829, 1.420)
Perceived health condition
Very good	112	(23.1)	373	(76.9)	<.001**	<.001*	Ref
Good	218	(25.7)	630	(74.3)			1.542 (1.064, 2.234)
Fair	343	(33.6)	678	(66.4)			2.196 (1.520, 3.171)
Bad	26	(38.2)	42	(61.8)			2.865 (1.351, 6.077)
Very bad	13	(50.0)	13	(50.0)			1.398 (0.472, 4.142)
Perceived dietary habits
Very good	149	(31.1)	330	(68.9)	.776	.848	Ref
Good	216	(26.8)	589	(73.2)			0.930 (0.647, 1.336)
Fair	334	(30.6)	757	(69.4)			0.880 (0.617, 1.256)
Bad	5	(9.8)	46	(90.2)			0.582 (0.199, 1.704)
Very bad	4	(33.3)	8	(66.7)			1.262 (0.255, 6.255)
Frequency of physical activity
Often	383	(34.4)	729	(65.6)	<.001**	.107	Ref
Sometimes	188	(25.6)	546	(74.4)			1.109 (0.838, 1.467)
Seldom	121	(24.1)	382	(75.9)			1.041 (0.752, 1.442)
Never	21	(21.2)	78	(78.8)			0.492 (0.261, 0.925)
Perceived amount of rest
Very adequate	151	(43.3)	198	(56.7)	<.001**	.744	Ref
Adequate	351	(32.8)	718	(67.2)			0.865 (0.622, 1.202)
Fair	153	(22.2)	536	(77.8)			0.838 (0.573, 1.226)
Inadequate	47	(16.8)	232	(83.2)			0.717 (0.441, 1.165)
Very inadequate	11	(18.0)	50	(82.0)			0.740 (0.317, 1.725)

*p < .05; **p < .001. ^aPearson χ² test for the nominal variables gender and health-care setting, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the other ordinal variables; some data in the categories were missing due to respondents’ refusal to answer or invalid response.