Human papillomavirus prevalence, genomic diversity and related risk factors in HIV-positive women from a countryside city in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Figures & data

Figure 1. South America Map showing Brazil. State of Rio the Janeiro showing Campos dos Goytacazes. Campos dos Goytacazes and the 3 most important districts: Campos, Guarus and Baixada Campista

Table 1. HPV types found in single or multiple infection(s) for HIV-positive women

HPV infection presentation	HPV type(s)	No. of patients with microarray technique finding
Single infection	6	2
	11	3
	16	2
	81	1
	18	1
Multiple infections	06 – 11 – 44 – 61	2
	06 – 11 – 44	1
	11–39	1
	11 – 68 – 90	1
	53 – 58 – 90	1
	45–70	1
	16 – 18 – 44	1
	06 – 11 – 53 – 58 – 70	1
	06–11	1
	06–18	6
	16 – 42 – 52	1
Untyped HPV		4
Total		30

Footnotes:

HPV = Human papillomavirus

Single infection = only 1 HPV

Multiple infection = 2 or more HPV

Microarray technique – HPV 3.5® LCD-Array Kit (CHIPRON GmbH, Berlin, DE)

Table 2. Univariate analysis of HPV PCR positivity variables in HIV-positive women

Variable (intercept: PCR)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	CI (Inf-Sup)	p-value
Age group (years)
Age < or = 45 years	1.37	1.34–8.94	0.01*
Marital status
Married	0.72		0.51
Widow	0.4	0.26–1.90	0.27
Divorced	0.57	0.07–2.0	0.38
		0.16–2.0
Sexually active life
No	1.00	0.28–1.1	0.1
Yes	0.62	0.26–1.4	0.27
Sexual Partners
> 3	0.58	0.58–1.06	0.08
≤ 3	0.44	0.44–1.00	< 0.05*
Family income
1–3 MW	1.00	0.17–1.5	0.23
3–5 MW	3.6	0.0–1.0	0.99
Age at first intercourse
> 16	1.00	0.19–1.07	0.719
≤ 16	1.2	0.52–2.8	0.64
Condom use
Yes	0.35	0.21–0.58	5.5
No	1.29	0.5–3.2	5.7
Number of children
> 2	0.56	0.29–1.07	0.08
≤ 2	0.53	0.21–1.29	0.16
CD4 score
< 500	1.00	0.31–1.00	0.09
≥ 500	0.3	0.15–0.9	0.03*
Viral load
Not detectable	1.00	0.3–0.7	1.58
Detectable	1.2	1.00–1.59	< 0.05*

*Statistical significance

PCR – polymerase chain reaction

CI (inf-sup) – Confidence interval (inferior-superior)

MW – minimum wages

CD4 – T cell count

Viral load – minimum detection value for the HIV viral load of 50 copies/mL.

Table 3. Logistic regression model of factors associated with HPV PCR positivity in HIV-positive women

Variable (intercept: PCR)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	IC (Inf-Sup)	p-value
Age < or = 45 years	1.55	1.48–12.9	0.01*
CD4 ≥ 500 cells	0.50	0.28–1.28	0.15

*Statistical significance

PCR – polymerase chain reaction

CI (inf-sup) – Confidence interval (inferior-superior)

CD4 – T cell count