A study on willingness and influencing factors to receive COVID-19 vaccination among Qingdao residents

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of participants and correlation with their willingness to accept vaccination

Variable	Total N(%)	Willing to be vaccinated (%) N = 2,284	Unwilling to vaccinate (%) N = 518	Unadjusted OR	95%CI	P
Gender
Male	522 (18.63)	438 (19.18)	84 (16.22)	1.00
Female	2,280 (81.37)	1,846 (80.82)	434 (83.78)	0.86	0.63–1.05	0.1186
Household registration
Local	2,204 (78.66)	1,793 (78.50)	411 (79.34)	1.00
Field	598 (21.34)	491 (21.50)	107 (20.66)	1.05	0.83–1.33	0.6732
Age
20～29	909 (32.44)	737 (32.27)	172 (33.20)	1.00
30～39	1,701 (60.71)	1,389 (60.81)	312 (60.23)	1.04	0.85–1.28	0.7166
40～49	192 (6.85)	158 (6.92)	34 (6.56)	1.09	0.72–1.63	0.6953
Education level
Junior high school and below	361 (12.88)	278 (12.17)	83 (16.02)	1.00
High school	710 (25.34)	573 (25.09)	137 (26.45)	1.25	0.92–1.70	0.1575
Bachelor degree	1,557 (55.57)	1,295 (56.70)	262 (50.58)	1.48	1.12–1.95	0.0062
Master’s degree or above	174 (6.21)	138 (6.04)	36 (6.95)	1.14	0.74–1.78	0.5488
Average monthly income
<2,000 RMB	523 (18.67)	400 (17.51%)	123 (23.75)	1.00
2,000～4,999 RMB	1,233 (44.00)	1,002 (43.87)	231 (44.59)	1.33	1.04–1.71	0.0226
5,000～9,999 RMB	857 (30.59)	719 (31.48)	138 (26.64)	1.60	1.22–2.10	0.0007
≥10,000 RMB	189 (6.75)	163 (7.14)	26 (5.02)	1.93	1.22–3.06	0.0052
Occupation
Medical staff	234 (8.35)	194 (8.49)	40 (7.72)	1.00
Civil servant	192 (6.85)	162 (7.09)	30 (5.79)	1.11	0.66–1.897	0.6840
Enterprise business personnel	631 (22.52)	507 (22.20)	124 (23.94)	0.84	0.57–1.25	0.3944
Individual employment	436 (15.56)	360 (15.76)	76 (14.67)	0.98	0.64–1.49	0.9124
Agricultural laborers	109 (3.89)	91 (3.98)	18 (3.47)	1.04	0.57–1.92	0.8938
Housework and unemployment.	405 (14.45)	310 (13.57)	95 (18.34)	0.67	0.45–1.02	0.0586
Other	795 (28.37)	660 (28.90)	135 (26.06)	1.01	0.68–1.49	0.9678

n (%), number (percentage) of participants who were willing or un willing to be vaccinated in each category; the unit of measurement for age is years; unadjusted OR, unadjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; local household registration = people who are born in Qingdao and are living in Qingdao; field household registration = people who are not born in Qingdao but are living in Qingdao

Table 2. Attitudes of participants toward COVID-19 vaccine and correlation with their willingness to accept vaccination

Research content	Classification	Total N(%)	Willing to be vaccinated (%) N = 2,284	Unwilling to be vaccinated (%) N = 518	Unadjusted OR	95%CI	P
Whether pay attention to the progress of vaccines	No	110 (3.93)	69 (3.02)	41 (7.92)	1.00
	Yes	2,692 (96.07)	2,215 (96.98)	477 (92.08)	2.76	1.85–4.11	0.0000
Degree of urgency of need for vaccine	Not urgent	149 (5.32)	75 (3.42)	74 (14.29)	1.00
	Urgent	2,653 (94.68)	2,209 (96.72)	444 (85.71)	4.91	3.51–6.88	0.0000
The most concerned aspect	Vaccine safety	967 (34.51)	563 (24.65)	404 (77.99)	1.00
	Protective efficacy of vaccine	687 (24.52)	656 (28.72)	31 (5.98)	15.19	0.36–22.26	0.0000
	Vaccine price	328 (11.71)	311 (13.62)	17 (3.28)	13.13	7.93–21.74	0.0000
	Expert opinion	324 (11.56)	303 (13.27)	21 (4.05)	10.35	6.53–16.41	0.0000
	Other aspects	496 (17.70)	451 (19.75)	45 (8.69)	7.19	5.16–10.02	0.0000
Acceptable vaccine price (RMB).	≤ 200	2,334 (83.30)	1,879 (82.27)	455 (87.84)	1.00
	201～399.	370 (13.20)	320 (14.01)	50 (9.65)	0.49	0.39–0.62	0.0000
	≥ 400	98 (3.50)	85 (3.72)	13 (2.51)	0.45	0.30–0.68	0.0001

n (%), number (percentage) of participants who were willing or un willing to be vaccinated in each category; unadjusted OR, unadjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval

Table 3. Final model of factors associated with participants’ willingness to be vaccinated

Parameter	Adjusted OR	95%CI	P
Education level (junior high school and below)	1.00
High school	1.18	0.83–1.68	0.3558
Bachelor degree	1.23	0.88–1.72	0.2313
Master’s degree or above	0.71	0.40–1.24	0.2262
Average monthly income (2,000 RMB)	1.00
2,000～4,999 RMB	1.44	1.08–1.93	0.0134
5,000～9,999 RMB	1.83	1.31–2.55	0.0004
≥ 10,000 RMB	2.82	1.61–4.95	0.0003
Whether pay attention to the progress of vaccines (no)	1.00
Yes	2.33	1.43–3.79	0.0007
Degree of urgency of need for vaccine (not urgent).	1.00
Urgent.	4.97	3.28–7.53	0.0000
The most concerned aspect (vaccine safety)	1.00
Protective efficacy of vaccine	15.04	10.18–22.23	0.0000
Vaccine price	13.78	8.19–23.18	0.0000
Expert opinion	10.29	6.42–16.48	0.0000
Other aspects	6.90	4.91–9.71	0.0000
Acceptable vaccine price (≤ 200 RMB)	1.00
201～399 RMB.	0.49	0.37–0.65	0.0000
≥ 400 RMB.	0.47	0.29–0.77	0.0025

adjusted OR, adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval

Table 4. The type of vaccine most desired to be made available for free among participants after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Qingdao, in March 2020

Increasing variety	Before COVID-19 vaccine was put on the market		After COVID-19 vaccine will be put on the market
	Amount	Constituent ratio (%)	Amount	Constituent ratio (%)
Pneumococcal vaccine	835	29.80	266	9.49
Influenza vaccine	547	19.52	169	6.03
Human papillomavirus vaccine	300	10.71	113	4.03
Diphtheria tetanus pertussis poliomyelitis vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine	489	17.45	205	7.32
Enterovirus type EV71 vaccine	324	11.56	91	3.25
Other vaccines	198	7.07	63	2.25
No need to increase	109	3.89	53	1.89
COVID-19 Vaccine			1,842	65.74

amount, number of participants who preferred to choose as free-vaccine; constituent ratio(%), percentage of participants who preferred to choose as free-vaccine