Recent advances in vaccine and immunotherapy for COVID-19

Ali A. Rabaana Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-9847

Shamsah H. Al-Ahmedb Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia

Ranjit Sahc Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-8714

Jaffar. A. Al-Tawfiqd Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;e Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;f Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-2235

Ayman M. Al-Qaanehg Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;h Clinical Pharmacy Services Division, Pharmacy Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-6573

Lamiaa H. Al-Jameai Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-3751

Alexander Woodmani Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Manaf Al-Qahtanij Department of Medicine, Royal Medical Services, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Manamah, Bahrain;k Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain Medical University, Manamah, Bahrain

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-0429

Shafiul Haquel Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-121X

Harapan Harapanm Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia;n Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia;o Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-8413

D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldanap Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia;q Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-2556

Pavan Kumarr College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India

Kuldeep Dhamas Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4752

Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Moralesf Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;t Grupo De Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, ColombiaCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-2192

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Recent advances in vaccine and immunotherapy for COVID-19

Table 1. List of 31 candidate vaccines in different clinical trial phases.⁴⁵^.

Table 2. List of 142 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation phase.^45.

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Recent advances in vaccine and immunotherapy for COVID-19

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Table 1. List of 31 candidate vaccines in different clinical trial phases.45.

Table 2. List of 142 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation phase.45.

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Table 1. List of 31 candidate vaccines in different clinical trial phases.⁴⁵^.

Table 2. List of 142 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation phase.^45.